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Dissipation kinetics and safety evaluation of pyraclostrobin and its desmethoxy metabolite BF 500-3 in a cucumber greenhouse agroecosystem

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Abstract

Pyraclostrobin (PYR), a fungicide of the strobilurin class, is used to control many different kinds of fungal diseases in greenhouses and on agricultural fields. In the present study, an efficient method was established for simultaneously determining PYR and its metabolite BF 500-3 in cucumber fruits, leaves, and soil matrices using QuEChERS pretreatment coupled with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). The residue levels and dissipation kinetics of PYR were determined under greenhouse conditions. The recoveries ranged from 89.8 to 103.6% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.6–7.5% at three spiking levels. The results demonstrated that PYR dissipated quickly in the cucumber field with half-lives (DT50) of 2.14–4.17 days on different sites and in different matrices. The residue of its metabolite BF 500-3 was very low and showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The degradation rate of PYR in soil was the fastest, followed by that on cucumber fruits and leaves. The terminal residue of PYR at an application rate of 150 g a.i. ha−1 (the maximum recommended rate) in cucumber fruits was below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 0.5 mg/kg established in China. However, the application of the fungicide at 225 g a.i. ha−1 (1.5× the maximum recommended rate) resulted in residues that were above the MRL 1 day after the final application, which is an unacceptable risk. Therefore, the application dosage of PYR at the recommended rates was safe to human beings and animals.

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Acknowledgments

We thank American Journal Experts for linguistic assistance during manuscript preparation. We sincerely thank the reviewers for their help in improving the quality of the manuscript.

Funding

This study was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFD0200307, 2017YFD0201901).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Pesticide Toxicology and Application Technique, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an,, Shandong, 271018, People’s Republic of China

    Lifei He, Falin He, Yangyang Gao, Beixing Li, Feng Liu & Wei Mu

  2. Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, 271018, People’s Republic of China

    Song Yang, Feng Liu & Wei Mu

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  1. Lifei He
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  2. Falin He
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Contributions

L.H.: conceptualization, data curation, writing—original draft. F.H.: supervision, writing—review and editing. S.Y.: data curation, software. Y.G. and B.L.: review and editing. F.L.: supervision, conceptualization, writing—review and editing. W.M.: writing—review and editing.

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Correspondence to Wei Mu.

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He, L., He, F., Yang, S. et al. Dissipation kinetics and safety evaluation of pyraclostrobin and its desmethoxy metabolite BF 500-3 in a cucumber greenhouse agroecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 17712–17723 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11798-6

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