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Interactions of cadmium and zinc in high zinc tolerant native species Andropogon gayanus cultivated in hydroponics: growth endpoints, metal bioaccumulation, and ultrastructural analysis

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Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) toxicity causes physiological disorders and harms plants, interfering with the rehabilitation of areas affected by mining activities. This study evaluated how the exposure to Zn and/or Cd affects the growth of native andropogon grass (Andropogon gayanus Kunth) plants originally found in areas contaminated with Cd and/or Zn due to zinc mining activities. Plants were cultivated for 7 weeks in a nutrient solution treated with Zn (142.3–854.0 μM) or Cd (0.9–13.3 μM) separately or combined with a molar ratio of 64:1 (Zn:Cd). A control treatment was grown in a complete Hoagland and Arnon solution (without Cd). Plant height, stem diameter, internode length, dry weight, Cd and Zn concentration, and accumulation in shoots/roots, as well as ultrastructure of roots and leaves were analyzed at the end of the experiment. The root dry weight was not significantly affected by the addition of the metals. Moreover, Zn provided higher shoot dry weight (up to 160%) relative to control. Andropogon grass tolerated both metals better separately than when applied together. Transmission electron microscopy analyses showed modifications such as vesiculation and vacuolation in the ultrastructure of andropogon tissues by Cd and/or Zn. The andropogon grass was tolerant to the doses tested, evidencing that it has potential for recovering areas contaminated with Zn and/or Cd.

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Funding

This study was given granting scholarships and has financially supported by CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), (CAPES-PRINT - 88887.371138/2019-00, CAPES 88887.160998/2017-00) CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) 141228/2018-0, and FAPEMIG (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais). The authors would also like to thank the Laboratory of Electron Microscopy and Analysis of Ultrastructural Federal University of Lavras, (http://www.prp.ufla.br/labs/microscopiaeletronica/) and Finep, Fapemig, CNPq, and Capes for supplying the equipment and technical support for experiments involving electron microscopy.

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  1. Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Paula Godinho Ribeiro, Gabriel Caixeta Martins, Cristiano Gonçalves Moreira, Cynthia de Oliveira, Maria Luiza de Carvalho Andrade, Thais Silva Sales, Wantuir Filipe Teixeira Chagas, Cláudia Regina Gontijo Labory, Teotonio Soares de Carvalho & Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme

  2. Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Belém, Pará, 66055-090, Brazil

    Gabriel Caixeta Martins

  3. Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Thais Silva Sales

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Ribeiro, P.G., Martins, G.C., Moreira, C.G. et al. Interactions of cadmium and zinc in high zinc tolerant native species Andropogon gayanus cultivated in hydroponics: growth endpoints, metal bioaccumulation, and ultrastructural analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 45513–45526 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10183-7

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