Abstract
The use of trees to immobilise potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a low-cost and effective method of soil remediation. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the content of total and bioavailable As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil samples, as well as their levels in the roots and leaves of elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.) in order to evaluate its potential for the phytostabilisation of PTEs in the riparian zone of the Sava River. Analysis of soils showed that the availability of PTEs ranged from low to medium, while the pollution load index (PLI) and potential ecological risk index (RI) showed that the examined soil fell into the category of uncontaminated to moderately contaminated, as well as into the category of low risk of PTEs contamination. However, the levels of Cr, Cu and Ni in soils were above the critical range for plants. The content of As and Cr measured in roots and leaves was in the toxic range for plants, while the content of Cd and Ni was elevated but not in the toxic range. Bioaccumulation (BCF) and translocation (TF) factors indicated that U. glabra is suitable for the phytostabilisation of As, Cu, Cr, Ni and Pb. Additionally, this species displayed the ability to transport most of the acquired Cu and Zn to the leaves. Correlation analysis showed that PTE content in U. glabra roots was significantly positively correlated to their respective levels in soil (total and DTPA-extractable), except for Cu, indicating that PTE levels in soil strongly influence those in plants. This research into a successful phytoremediating species provides new possibilities when selecting PTE-tolerant native trees in riparian zones of large regional rivers such as the Sava.
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Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by the European Communities 7th Framework Programme Funding under grant agreement no. 603629-ENV-2013-6.2.1-Globaqua. The preparation of this manuscript was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, grant no. 173018.
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Zorana Mataruga and Snežana Jarić participated in the design of this study, data collection, data interpretation and manuscript preparation. Olga Kostić and Ksenija Jakovljević participated in the design of this study and data collection. Milica Marković contributed to literature research. Miroslava Mitrović and Pavle Pavlović participated in data interpretation and helped in drafting and writing the manuscript, including a critical revision of the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Mataruga, Z., Jarić, S., Kostić, O. et al. The potential of elm trees (Ulmus glabra Huds.) for the phytostabilisation of potentially toxic elements in the riparian zone of the Sava River. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 4309–4324 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07173-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07173-9