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Effectiveness of simultaneous foliar application of Zn and Mn or P to reduce Cd concentration in rice grains: a field study

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Abstract

Excess cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils can be taken up by rice plants and concentrated in the grain, presenting a human health risk. In this study, we field tested the effects of three foliar treatments (zinc (Zn) alone, or combined with manganese (ZnMn) or phosphorus (ZnP)) on the Cd concentration and grain yield of six rice cultivars (C Liangyou 7, Fengyuanyou 272, Xiangwanxian 12, Tianyouhuazhan, Xiangwanxian 13, and Jinyou 284) at the grain filling stage. Our results showed that rice yield and Cd, Zn, Mn, P, and K concentrations were significantly different among the cultivars (p < 0.05); for example, Jinyou 284 recorded lower Cd levels than any other cultivar. Application of Zn, ZnMn, and ZnP had no significant effect on rice yield and Mn, P, and K concentrations for all cultivars. Compared with the control, Cd concentrations after treatment with Zn, ZnMn, and ZnP decreased by 19.03–32.55%, 36.63–55.78% (p < 0.05), and 25.72–49.10%, respectively, while Zn concentrations increased by 11.02–29.38%, 10.63–32.67%, and 11.97–36.82%, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation between Cd and Zn concentrations (p < 0.01). All three treatments increased Zn and reduced Cd concentration in rice grains, though ZnMn was most effective. Therefore, cultivar selection and Zn fertilizer application are effective strategies to minimize Cd concentration in rice grains. However, the lowest result still exceeded the Chinese Cd safety limit (0.2 mg Cd kg−1) by a factor of 2.6, demonstrating that additional effective measures should be simultaneously used to further reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice grains.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201403015), the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2015BAD05B02), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (2015JJ2081), the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2015B02037008), the Hunan Provincial Department of Agriculture (Hunan Agricultural Union 2015-112), the Natural Science Foundation of China (41101293), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2014 M562110).

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  1. Guanghui Lv and Hui Wang contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China

    Guanghui Lv, Hui Wang, Chao Xu, Quan Zhang, Hanhua Zhu, Shuai Wang, Qihong Zhu & Daoyou Huang

  2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China

    Guanghui Lv & Hong Shuai

  3. College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China

    Hui Wang & Yangzhu Zhang

  4. Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410125, China

    Zunchang Luo

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  1. Guanghui Lv
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Correspondence to Chao Xu or Hong Shuai.

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Lv, G., Wang, H., Xu, C. et al. Effectiveness of simultaneous foliar application of Zn and Mn or P to reduce Cd concentration in rice grains: a field study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 9305–9313 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04412-x

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