Abstract
In this work, biochar (BC), activated carbon (AC), and graphene oxide (GO) were thiol-functionalized using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTS) (named as BCS, ACS, and GOS, respectively). BCS, ACS, and GOS were synthesized mainly via the interaction between hydrolyzed 3-MPTS and surface oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., –OH, O–C=O, and C=O) and π-π interaction. The materials before and after modification were characterized and tested for mercury removal, including sorption kinetics and isotherms, the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, and ionic strength. Pseudo-second-order sorption kinetic model (R2 = 0.992~1.000) and Langmuir sorption isotherm model (R2 = 0.964~0.998) fitted well with the sorption data of mercury. GOS had the most –SH groups with the largest adsorption capacity for Hg2+ and CH3Hg+ (449.6 and 127.5 mg/g), followed by ACS (235.7 and 86.7 mg/g) and BCS (175.6 and 30.3 mg/g), which were much larger than GO (96.7 and 4.9 mg/g), AC (81.1 and 24.6 mg/g), and BC (95.6 and 9.4 mg/g). GOS and ACS showed stable mercury adsorption properties at a wide pH range (2~9) and ionic strength (0.01~0.1 mol/L). Mercury maybe removed by ligand exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic attraction.
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Funding
This work was supported by the following: (1) National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1806216, No. 41807115), (2) Tianjin S&T Program (17PTGCCX00240, 16YFXTSF00520, 17ZXSTSF00050), and (3) 111 program, Ministry of Education, China (T2017002).
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Xia, S., Huang, Y., Tang, J. et al. Preparation of various thiol-functionalized carbon-based materials for enhanced removal of mercury from aqueous solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 8709–8720 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04320-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04320-0