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Reduction in arsenic toxicity and uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by As-resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potential of Rhodopseudomonas palustris C1 and Rubrivivax benzoatilyticus C31 to ameliorate As toxicity and to reduce As uptake in rice. Strain C1 was superior to strain C31 for siderophore production. The mixed culture (1: 1) was most effective in reducing the toxicity of As species [As(III) and/or As(V), each 30 mg/l] by yielding maximal germination index that related to α- and β-amylase activities in two Thai rice cultivars (HomNil: HN and PathumThani 1: PT). Arsenic toxicity to the seed germination followed the order: mixed As species > As(III) > As(V); and the toxicity was reduced in inoculated sets, particularly with a mixed culture. The mixed culture significantly enhanced rice growth under As stress in both rice cultivars as indicated by an increase in the production of chlorophyll a and b, and also supporting the non-enzymatic (carotenoids, lipid oxidation, and nitric oxide) and enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase) activities. These were concomitant with productions of 5-aminolevulinic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, exopolymeric substances, and siderophores which significantly reduced As accumulation in treated rice. It can be concluded that the mixed culture has great potential to ameliorate rice from As toxicity by preventing As species entry into rice for enhancing rice growth and also for reducing As accumulation to produce safe rice from rice grown in contaminated paddy fields.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Thailand

    Phitthaya Nookongbut & Duangporn Kantachote

  2. Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand

    Duangporn Kantachote

  3. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Mallavarapu Megharaj & Ravi Naidu

  4. Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC-CARE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Mallavarapu Megharaj & Ravi Naidu

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  1. Phitthaya Nookongbut
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  2. Duangporn Kantachote
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  3. Mallavarapu Megharaj
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Correspondence to Duangporn Kantachote.

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Nookongbut, P., Kantachote, D., Megharaj, M. et al. Reduction in arsenic toxicity and uptake in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by As-resistant purple nonsulfur bacteria. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 36530–36544 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3568-8

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