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Water quality assessment of the most important dam (Latyan dam) in Tehran, Iran

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Abstract

A pattern of water quality affected by the input regime and site specification is one of the most important issues in water supply resources and demand management. The present study aims to assess the water quality of Latyan dam, the important reservoir that supplies drinking water of Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Monthly water sampling was performed at four depths of the dam. The physical and chemical properties of water including temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), hardness, as well as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, silica, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, and total phosphorus (TP) concentration, were monitored from May 2014 to January 2017. The results of statistical analysis indicated that the quality of water in the dam was affected by the depth in view of five variables of EC, pH, turbidity, SO42−, and TP (p ˂ 0.05). Moreover, it was determined that ten out of 17 variables including EC, turbidity, TDS, Ca2+, K, Cl−, SO42−, silica, nitrate, and TP were statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) based on seasonal variation analyses. Comparing the mean values, it could be concluded that EC, TDS, Ca2+, K+, Cl−, and SO42− were slightly higher during the winter probably owing to the diluting effects of seasonal precipitation. Nutrient-like distribution, nitrate, and TP, as well as silica, were much higher during the spring representing a high-diatoms activity and eutrophication. Turbidity was higher in the fall compared to the other seasons, which also demonstrated rainfall effects. Evaluation of the aggressiveness index (AI) suggests that water is moderately corrosive, and noncorrosive in the winter compared to other seasons. Moreover, according to the findings of this research and their comparison with the national and international water quality guidelines/standards, it could be said that the water quality of Latyan dam during the study period was acceptable and thus it was usable as a drinking water supply. However, due to the changes occurred in nitrate and phosphorus and extensive development of eutrophication problem, accurate and continuous evaluation of water quality in this reservoir is deemed necessary.

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Abbreviations

ANCOVA:

analysis of covariance

TDS:

total dissolved solids

EC:

electrical conductivity

Ca2+ :

calcium

Mg2+ :

magnesium

K:

potassium

Cl:

chloride

SO4 2− :

sulfate

SiO2 :

silicon dioxide, also known as silica

NH4 +-N:

ammonia nitrogen

NO3-N:

nitrate ion as nitrogen

NO2-N:

nitrite ion as nitrogen

TP:

total phosphorus

EDTA:

ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid

N:

nitrogen

USA:

United State of America

QQ plots:

the quantile-quantile plot

p :

value

μs/cm:

micro-Siemens/cm

mg/L:

milligram per liter

CaCO3 :

calcium carbonate

NTU:

nephelometric turbidity units

mg P/L:

milligram of phosphorus per liter

CV:

coefficient of variation

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Acknowledgments

The authors also are grateful to Water and Wastewater Co. and Iran Department of Environment (DoE) for help in sampling and analyzing samples.

Funding information

This work was related to a Ph.D. thesis and was funded by a grant number of 8656 from the school of health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Anoushirvan Mohseni-Bandpei

  2. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Anoushirvan Mohseni-Bandpei, Saeed Motesaddi, Mohammad Rafiee & Yalda Hashempour

  3. Department of Water Quality Control, Tehran Water Regional Organization, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Eslamizadeh

  4. School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Mohsen Nasseri & Masoud Montazeri Namin

  5. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Yadollah Mehrabi & Seyed Mohammad Riahi

Authors
  1. Anoushirvan Mohseni-Bandpei
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  2. Saeed Motesaddi
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  3. Mohsen Eslamizadeh
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  4. Mohammad Rafiee
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  5. Mohsen Nasseri
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  6. Masoud Montazeri Namin
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  7. Yalda Hashempour
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  8. Yadollah Mehrabi
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  9. Seyed Mohammad Riahi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yalda Hashempour.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Mohseni-Bandpei, A., Motesaddi, S., Eslamizadeh, M. et al. Water quality assessment of the most important dam (Latyan dam) in Tehran, Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 29227–29239 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2865-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2865-6

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