Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of alumina nano additives into biodiesel-diesel blends on the combustion performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, the combined effect of alumina nanoparticles into the Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel blend and exhaust gas recirculation on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a diesel engine was investigated. The alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles with the mass fraction of 40 ppm were dispersed into the C. inophyllum biodiesel blend (20% of C. inophyllum biodiesel + 80% of diesel (CIB20)) by the ultrasonication process. Further, the exhaust gas recirculation was adopted to control the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions of a diesel engine. The experiments were conducted on a single cylinder diesel engine with the diesel, CIB20, 20% of C. inophyllum biodiesel + 80% of diesel + 40 ppm Al2O3 nanoparticles (CIB20ANP40), CIB20 + 20% exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and CIB20ANP40 + 20% EGR fuel samples at different load conditions. The results reveal that brake thermal efficiency of CIB20ANP40 fuel increased by 5.04 and 7.71% compared to the CIB20 and CIB20ANP40 + 20% EGR fuels, respectively. The addition of alumina nanoparticles to the CIB20 fuel, CO, and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were was reduced compared to the CIB20 fuel. The smoke opacity was decreased with the addition of alumina nanoparticles to the CIB20 fuel by 7.3% compared to the CIB20 fuel. The NOx emissions for the CIB20ANP40 + 20% EGR fuel was decreased by 36.84, 31.53, and 17.67% compared to the CIB20, CIB20ANP40, and CIB20 + 20% EGR fuel samples at full load condition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

ASTM:

American Society for Testing and Materials

CI:

Compression ignition

DI:

Direct injection

CA:

Crank angle

bTDC:

Before top dead center

Al2O3 :

Aluminum oxide

CIB20:

20% of C. inophyllum biodiesel + 80% of diesel

CIB20ANP40 :

20% of C. inophyllum biodiesel + 80% of diesel + 40 ppm Al2O3 nanoparticles

CIB20 + 20% EGR:

20% of C. inophyllum biodiesel + 80% of diesel + 20% EGR

CIB20ANP40 + 20% EGR:

20% of C. inophyllum biodiesel + 80% of diesel + 40 ppm Al2O3 nanoparticles + 20%EGR

CTAB:

Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffractometer

EDS:

Energy dispersive spectrum

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared

ppm:

Parts per million

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption

EGT:

Exhaust gas temperature

CO:

Carbon monoxide

HC:

Hydrocarbon

NOx:

Oxides of nitrogen

References

  • Abdalla GH (2002) Using exhaust gas recirculation in internal combustion engines—a review. Energy Convers Manag 43:1027–1042

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal D, Agarwal AK (2007) Performance and emissions characteristics of Jatropha oil (pre heated and blends) in direct injection compression ignition engine. Applied Thermal Eng 27:2314–2323

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akash D, Sarbjot SS, Subhash C (2017) Experimental investigations on the influence of fuel injection timing and pressure on single cylinder C.I. engine fueled with 20% blend of castor biodiesel in diesel. Fuel 210:15–22

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashok B, Nanthagopal K, Thundil Karuppa Raj R, Pradeep Bhasker J, Sakthi Vignesh D (2017) Influence of injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation of a Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester fuelled CI engine. Fuel Process Technol 167:18–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Atabani AE, da Silva César A (2014) Calophyllum inophyllum L—a prospective non-edible bio diesel feedstock. Study of biodiesel production, properties, fatty acid composition, blending and engine performance. Renew Sust Energ Rev 37:644–655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Azam MM, Waris A, Nahar NM (2005) Prospects and potential of fatty acid methyl esters of some non-traditional seed oils for use as biodiesel in India. Biomass Bioenergy 29:293–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhaskar K, Nagarajan G, Sampath S (2013) Optimization of FOME (fish oil methyl esters) blend and EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) for simultaneous control of NOx and particulate matter emissions in diesel engines. Energy 62:224–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bhupendra SC, Naveen K, Haeng MC (2012) A study on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha biodiesel oil and its blends. Energy 37:616–622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deepak A, Shrawan KS, Avinash KA (2011) Effect of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on performance emissions deposits and durability of a constant speed compression ignition engine. Appl Energy 88:2900–2907

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinesh K, Tamilvanan A, Vaishnavi S, Gopinath M, Rajmohan KS (2016) Biodiesel production using Calophyllum inophyllum (Tamanu) seed oil and its compatibility test in a CI engine. Biofuels:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2016.1187543

  • Girdhar J, Jitendra KP, Sravendra R, Devendra SR (2017) Challenges and opportunities for the application of biofuel. Renew Sust Energ Rev 79:850–866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoseini SS, Najafi G, Ghobadian B, Mamat R, Sidik NAC, Azmi WH (2017) The effect of combustion management on diesel engine emissions fueled with biodiesel-diesel blends. Renew Sust Energ Rev 73:307–331

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosseini SH, Ahmad TA, Barat G, Ahmad AM (2017) Effect of added alumina as nano-catalyst to diesel- biodiesel blends on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine. Energy 124:543–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.02.109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karthikeyan S, Elango A, Prathima A (2016) The effect of cerium oxide additive on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operated with rice bran biodiesel and its blends. Int J Green Energy 13(3):267–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krupakaran RL, Hariprasad T, Gopalakishna A, Pejjai B (2016) The performance and exhaust emissions investigation of a diesel engine using γ-Al2O3 nanoparticle additives to biodiesel. Carbon Management 7:233–241. https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2016.1218713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madhan Raj N, Gajendiran M, Pitchandi K, Nallusamy N (2016) Investigation on aluminum oxide nano particles blended diesel fuel combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. J Chem Pharm Res 8(3):246–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahmudula HM, Hagosa FY, Mamata R, Adama AA, Ishak WFW, Alenezi R (2017) Production, characterization and performance of biodiesel as an alternative fuel in diesel engines—a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 72:497–509

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maiboom A, Tauzia X, Hetet JF (2008) Experimental study of various effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion and emissions of an automotive direct injection diesel engine. Energy 33:22–34

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mailboom A, Tauzia X, Hetet JF, Cormerais M, Tounsi M, Jaine T, Blanchin S (2007) Various effect of EGR on combustion and emissions on a automotive DI diesel engine: numerical and experimental study. SAE 01:1834. https://doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-1834

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mani M, Nagarajan G, Sampath S (2010) An experimental investigation on a DI diesel engine using waste plastic oil with exhaust gas recirculation. Fuel 89(8):1826–1832

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nanthagopal K, Ashok B, Tamilarasu A, Ajith J, Aravind M (2017) Influence on the effect of zinc oxide and titanium dioxide nanoparticles as an additive with Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester in a CI engine. Energy Convers Manag 146:8–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ong HC, Masjuki HH, Mahlia TMI, Silitonga AS, Chong WT, Leong KY (2014) Optimization of biodiesel production and engine performance from high free fatty acid Calophyllum inophyllum oil in CI diesel engine. Energy Convers Manag 81:30–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Palash SM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Masum BM, Sanjid A, Abedin MJ (2013) State of the art of NOx mitigation technologies and their effect on the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel-fueled compression ignition engines. Energy Convers Manag 76:400–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prabu A, Anand RB (2015) Emission control strategy by adding alumina and cerium oxide nano particle in biodiesel. J Energy Inst 89:366–372

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qi DH, Geng LM, Chen H, Bian YZH, Liu J, Ren XCH (2009) Combustion and performance evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from soybean crude oil. International Journal of Renewable energy 34:2706–2713

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman SMA, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Abedin MJ, Sanjid A (2013) Production of palm and Calophyllum inophyllum based biodiesel and investigation of blend performance and exhaust emission in an unmodified diesel engine at high idling conditions. Energy Convers Manag 76:362–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rakhi NM, Mousumi C, Parikh PA (2014) Nanofuels: combustion, engine performance and emissions. Fuel 120:91–97

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sajith V, Sobhan CB, Peterson GP (2010) Experimental investigations on the effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle fuel additives on biodiesel. Adv in Mechanical Engineering 2:1–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanjid A, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Rahman SMA, Abedin MJ, Shahir A (2014) An experimental investigation of biodiesel production, characterization, engine performance, emission and noise of Brassica juncea methyl ester and its blends. J Clean Prod 79:74–81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sathiyamoorthi R, Sankarnarayanan G, Pitchandi K (2017) Combined effect of nanoemulsion and EGR on combustion and emission characteristics of neat lemongrass oil (LGO)-DEE-diesel blend fuelled diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng 112:1421–1432

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaafi T, Velraj R (2015) Influence of alumina nanoparticles, ethanol and isopropanol blend as additive with diesel-soybean biodiesel blend fuel: combustion, engine performance and emissions. Renew Energy 80:655–663

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaafi T, Sairam K, Gopinath A, Kumaresan G, Velraj R (2015) Effect of dispersion of various nano additives on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fuelled with diesel, biodiesel and blends-a review. Renew Sust Energ Rev 49:563–573

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soares IP, Rezende TF, Silva RC, Castro EVR, Fortes ICP (2008) Multivariate calibration by variable selection for blends of raw soybean oil/biodiesel from different sources using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra data. Energy Fuel 22:2079–2083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallero D (2014) Fundamentals of air pollution. Academic Press https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-401733-7.01001-X

  • Vijayakumar C, Murugesan A, Panneerselvam N, Subramaniam D, Bharathiraja M (2016) The role of nano additives for biodiesel and diesel blended transportation fuels. Transp Res Part D: Transp Environ 46:145–156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasin MHM, Mamat R, Ahmad FY, Daing M, Nafiz DI, Yusaf T, Rasul M, Najafi G (2017) Study of a diesel engine performance with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system fuelled with palm biodiesel. Energy Procedia 110:26–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng C, Zhenkuo W, Jingping L, Chiafon L (2014) Combustion and emissions characteristics of high n-butanol/diesel ratio blend in a heavy-duty diesel engine and EGR impact. Energy Convers Manag 78:787–795

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, IIIT, Basara, TS, India for providing the SEM, XRD, and EDS reports of Al2O3 nanoparticles.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, 522101, India

    Praveen Anchupogu

  2. Principal & Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Jyothishmathi Institute of Technology & Science (JITS), Karimnagar, 505481, India

    Lakshmi Narayana Rao

  3. Professor of Mechanical Engineering, JNTUK, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, 533001, India

    Balakrishna Banavathu

Authors
  1. Praveen Anchupogu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lakshmi Narayana Rao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Balakrishna Banavathu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Praveen Anchupogu.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Anchupogu, P., Rao, L.N. & Banavathu, B. Effect of alumina nano additives into biodiesel-diesel blends on the combustion performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 23294–23306 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2366-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2366-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation