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Concentration characteristics, source apportionment, and oxidative damage of PM2.5-bound PAHs in petrochemical region in Xinjiang, NW China

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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of considerable concern due to their potential as human carcinogens. Thus, determining the characteristics, potential source, and examining the oxidative capacity of PAHs to protect human health is essential. This study investigated the PM2.5-bound PAHs at Dushanzi, a large petrochemical region in Xinjiang as well as northwest China. A total of 33 PM2.5 samples with 13 PAHs, together with molecular tracers (levoglucosan, and element carbon), were analyzed during the non-heating and heating periods. The results showed that the PM2.5 concentrations were 70.22 ± 22.30 and 95.47 ± 61.73 μg/m3, while that of total PAHs were 4.07 ± 2.03 and 60.33 ± 30.80 ng/m3 in sampling period, respectively. The fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene were the most abundant (top five) PAHs, accounting for 71.74 and 72.80% of total PAH mass during non-heating and heating periods. The BaP equivalent (BaPeq) concentration exceeded 1 ng/m3 as recommended by National Ambient Air Quality Standards during heating period. The diagnostic ratios and positive matrix factorization indicated that oil industry, biomass burning, coal combustion, and vehicle emissions are the primary sources. The coal combustion remarkably increased during heating period. The plasmid scission assay (PSA) results showed that higher DNA damage rate was observed during heating period. PAHs in PM2.5 such as Chr, BaP, and IcdP were found to have significantly positive correlations with the plasmid DNA damage rates. Additionally, the relationship among BaPeq and DNA damage rate suggested that synergistic reaction may modify the toxicity of PAHs.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (No. 41465007) and the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science (SKLOG-2016201624).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, 830046, China

    Yusan Turap, Dilinuer Talifu, Tuergong Aierken, Suwubinuer Rekefu, Hao Shen, Mailikezhati Maihemuti & Yalkunjan Tursun

  2. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Xinming Wang & Xiang Ding

  3. Environmental Monitoring Station, Dushanzi, 838600, China

    Wei Liu

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  1. Yusan Turap
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  2. Dilinuer Talifu
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  10. Wei Liu
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Correspondence to Dilinuer Talifu.

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Turap, Y., Talifu, D., Wang, X. et al. Concentration characteristics, source apportionment, and oxidative damage of PM2.5-bound PAHs in petrochemical region in Xinjiang, NW China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 22629–22640 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2082-3

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