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Palm oil mill effluent treatment and CO2 sequestration by using microalgae—sustainable strategies for environmental protection

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Abstract

In this era of globalization, various products and technologies are being developed by the industries. While resources and energy are utilized from processes, wastes are being excreted through water streams, air, and ground. Without realizing it, environmental pollutions increase as the country develops. Effective technology is desired to create green factories that are able to overcome these issues. Wastewater is classified as the water coming from domestic or industrial sources. Wastewater treatment includes physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes. Aerobic and anaerobic processes are utilized in biological treatment approach. However, the current biological approaches emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), methane, and carbon dioxide that contribute to global warming. Microalgae can be the alternative to treating wastewater as it is able to consume nutrients from wastewater loading and fix CO2 as it undergoes photosynthesis. The utilization of microalgae in the system will directly reduce GHG emissions with low operating cost within a short period of time. The aim of this review is to discuss the uses of native microalgae species in palm oil mill effluent (POME) and flue gas remediation. In addition, the discussion on the optimal microalgae cultivation parameter selection is included as this is significant for effective microalgae-based treatment operations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the funding given by Yayasan Sime Darby (UKM-YSD Grant).

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  1. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, The National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Harizah Bajunaid Hariz

  2. Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Sobri Takriff

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  1. Harizah Bajunaid Hariz
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Correspondence to Harizah Bajunaid Hariz.

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Hariz, H.B., Takriff, M.S. Palm oil mill effluent treatment and CO2 sequestration by using microalgae—sustainable strategies for environmental protection. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 20209–20240 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9742-6

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