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Roots alterations in presence of phenanthrene may limit co-remediation implementation with Noccaea caerulescens

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Abstract

Co-phytoremediation of both trace elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is an emerging technique to treat multi-contaminated soils. In this study, root morphological and structural features of the heavy metal hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens, exposed to a model PAH phenanthrene (PHE) in combination with cadmium (Cd), were observed. In vitro cultivated seedlings were exposed to 2 mM of PHE and/or 5 μM of Cd for 1 week. Co-phytoremediation effectiveness appeared restricted because of a serious inhibition (about 40%) of root and shoot biomass production in presence of PHE, while Cd had no significant adverse effect on these parameters. The most striking effects of PHE on roots were a decreased average root diameter, the inhibition of cell and root hair elongation and the promotion of lateral root formation. Moreover, endodermal cells with suberin lamellae appeared closer to the root apex when exposed to PHE compared to control and Cd treatments, possibly due to modified lateral root formation. The stage with well-developed suberin lamellae was not influenced by PHE whereas peri-endodermal layer development was impaired in PHE-treated plants. Many of these symptoms were similar to a water-deficit response. These morphological and structural root modifications in response to PHE exposition might in turn limit Cd phytoextraction by N. caerulescens in co-contaminated soils.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out thanks to financial support from the Lorraine region, France. Authors are grateful to Christian Mustin and Joëlle Gérard for their kind assistance during the root structural studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-, 54518, Nancy, France

    Ivan Zelko, Stéphanie Ouvrard & Catherine Sirguey

  2. INRA, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye-TSA 40602-, 54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France

    Ivan Zelko, Stéphanie Ouvrard & Catherine Sirguey

  3. Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Dúbravská cesta 9, Bratislava, SK, 845 38, Slovak Republic

    Ivan Zelko

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  1. Ivan Zelko
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  2. Stéphanie Ouvrard
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Correspondence to Catherine Sirguey.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Zelko, I., Ouvrard, S. & Sirguey, C. Roots alterations in presence of phenanthrene may limit co-remediation implementation with Noccaea caerulescens . Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 19653–19661 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9592-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9592-2

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