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Arsenic uptake, accumulation and toxicity in rice plants: Possible remedies for its detoxification: A review

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid. Serious concerns have been raised in literature owing to its potential toxicity towards living beings. The metalloid causes various water- and food-borne diseases. Among food crops, rice contains the highest concentrations of As. Consuming As-contaminated rice results in serious health issues. Arsenic concentration in rice is governed by various factors in the rhizosphere such as availability and concentration of various mineral nutrients (iron, phosphate, sulfur and silicon) in soil solution, soil oxidation/reduction status, inter-conversion between organic and inorganic As compounds. Agronomic and civil engineering methods can be adopted to decrease As accumulation in rice. Agronomic methods such as improving soil porosity/aeration by irrigation management or creating the conditions favorable for As-precipitate formation, and decreasing As uptake and translocation by adding a inorganic nutrients that compete with As are easy and cost effective techniques at field scale. This review focuses on the factors regulating and competing As in soil-plant system and As accumulation in rice grains. Therefore, it is suggested that judicious use of water, management of soil, antagonistic effects of various inorganic plant-nutrients to As should be considered in rice cultivated areas to mitigate the building up of As in human food chain and with minimum negative impact to the environment.

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Abbreviations

As:

Arsenic

As(III):

Arsenite

As(V):

Arsenate

AsB:

Arsenobetaine

AtINT:

Arabidopsis inositol transporters

ATSDR:

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

DMA:

Dimethylarsinic acid

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

Fe:

Iron

μg kg-1 :

microgram per kilogram

mg kg-1 :

milligram per kilogram

MMA:

Monomethylarsonic acid

P:

Phosphorus

pKa:

acid dissociation constant

PO4 :

Phosphate

QTL:

Quantitative trait loci

S:

Sulphur

Si:

Silicon

SMOs:

Soil microorganisms

SO4 :

Sulfate

T:

Tones

U.S. FDA:

United State Food and Drug Administration

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan

    Hafiz Faiq Bakhat, Zahida Zia, Sunaina Abbas, Hafiz Mohkum Hammad & Muhammad Shahid

  2. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China

    Shah Fahad

  3. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Ahmad Naeem Shahzad

  4. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Farhat Abbas

  5. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia

    Hesham Alharby

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  1. Hafiz Faiq Bakhat
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  2. Zahida Zia
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  3. Shah Fahad
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  4. Sunaina Abbas
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  5. Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
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  6. Ahmad Naeem Shahzad
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  7. Farhat Abbas
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  8. Hesham Alharby
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  9. Muhammad Shahid
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hafiz Faiq Bakhat or Shah Fahad.

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Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

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Bakhat, H.F., Zia, Z., Fahad, S. et al. Arsenic uptake, accumulation and toxicity in rice plants: Possible remedies for its detoxification: A review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 9142–9158 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8462-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8462-2

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