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Authentication of synthetic environmental contaminants and their (bio)transformation products in toxicology: polychlorinated biphenyls as an example

  • PCBs Risk Evaluation and Environmental Protection
  • Published:
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Abstract

Toxicological studies use “specialty chemicals” and, thus, should assess and report both identity and degree of purity (homogeneity) of the chemicals (or toxicants) under investigation to ensure that other scientists can replicate experimental results. Although detailed reporting criteria for the synthesis and characterization of organic compounds have been established by organic chemistry journals, such criteria are inconsistently applied to the chemicals used in toxicological studies. Biologically active trace impurities may lead to incorrect conclusions about the chemical entity responsible for a biological response, which in turn may confound risk assessment. Based on our experience with the synthesis of PCBs and their metabolites, we herein propose guidelines for the “authentication” of synthetic PCBs and, by extension, other organic toxicants, and provide a checklist for documenting the authentication of toxicants reported in the peer-reviewed literature. The objective is to expand guidelines proposed for different types of biomedical and preclinical studies to include a thorough authentication of specialty chemicals, such as PCBs and their derivatives, with the goal of ensuring transparent and open reporting of scientific results in toxicology and the environmental health sciences.

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Acknowledgements

The project described was supported by grants ES04699, ES05605, ES011269, ES013661, ES014901, and ES017425 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health. The content of the manuscript is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences or the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Xueshu Li, Larry W. Robertson & Hans-Joachim Lehmler

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, California State University of Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA

    Erika B. Holland

  3. Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA

    Wei Feng, Jing Zheng, Yao Dong & Isaac N. Pessah

  4. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA

    Michael W. Duffel

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  1. Xueshu Li
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  2. Erika B. Holland
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  3. Wei Feng
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  4. Jing Zheng
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  5. Yao Dong
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  9. Hans-Joachim Lehmler
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Correspondence to Hans-Joachim Lehmler.

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Li, X., Holland, E.B., Feng, W. et al. Authentication of synthetic environmental contaminants and their (bio)transformation products in toxicology: polychlorinated biphenyls as an example. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 16508–16521 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1162-0

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