Abstract
The theme of present research demonstrates performance of copper (II) sulfate (CuSO4) as catalyst in thermolysis process to treat reactive black 5 (RB 5) dye. During thermolysis without presence of catalyst, heat was converted to thermal energy to break the enthalpy of chemical structure bonding and only 31.62% of color removal. With CuSO4 support as auxiliary agent, the thermally cleaved molecular structure was further destabilized and reacted with CuSO4. Copper ions functioned to delocalize the coordination of π of the lone paired electron in azo bond, C=C bond of the sp2 carbon to form C-C of the sp3 amorphous carbon in benzene and naphthalene. Further, the radicals of unpaired electrons were stabilized and RB 5 was thermally decomposed to methyl group. Zeta potential measurement was carried out to analyze the mechanism of RB 5 degradation and measurement at 0 mV verified the critical chemical concentration (CCC) (0.7 g/L copper (II) sulfate), as the maximum 92.30% color removal. The presence of copper (II) sulfate catalyst has remarkably increase the RB 5 dye degradation as the degradation rate constant without catalyst, k1 is 6.5224 whereas the degradation rate constant with catalyst, k2 is 25.6810. This revealed the correlation of conversion of thermal energy from heat to break the chemical bond strength, subsequent fragmentation of RB 5 dye molecular mediated by copper (II) sulfate catalyst. The novel framework on thermolysis degradation of molecular structure of RB 5 with respect to the bond enthalpy and interfacial intermediates decomposition with catalyst reaction were determined.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angelova B, Avramova T, Stefanova L, Mutafov S (2008) Temperature effect on bacterial azo bond reduction kinetics: an Arrhenius plot analysis. Biodegradation 19(3):387–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-007-9144-4
Berg JM, Tymoczko JL, Stryer L (2002) Biochemistry, 5th edn. WH Freeman, New York
Bradua C, Frunza L, Mihalche N, Avramescu SM, Neata M, Udrea I (2010) Removal of reactive black 5 azo dye from aqueous solutions by catalytic oxidation using CuO/Al2O3 and NiO/Al2O3. Appl Catal B Environ 96(3-4):548–556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2010.03.019
Chowdhury P, Athapaththu S, Elkamel A, Ray AK (2017) Visible-solar-light-driven photo-reduction and removal of cadmium ion with eosin Y-sensitized TiO2 in aqueous solution of triethanolamine. Sep Purif Technol 174:109–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.10.011
Dindarsafa M, Khataee A, Kaymak B, Vahid B, Karimi A, Rahmani A (2017) Heterogeneous sono-Fenton-like process using martite nanocatalyst prepared by high energy planetary ball milling for treatment of a textile dye. Ultrason Sonochem 34:389–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.06.016
Duman O, Tunç S, Bozoğlan BK, Polat TG (2016) Removal of triphenylmethane and reactive azo dyes from aqueous solution by magnetic carbon nanotube-κ-carrageenan-Fe3O4 nanocomposite. J Alloys Compd 687:370–383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.06.160
Garg A, Mishra IM, Chand S (2005) Thermochemical precipitation as a pretreatment step for the chemical oxygen demand and colour removal from pulp paper mill effluent. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(7):2016–2026. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie048990a
Gu J, Kan S, Shen Q, Kan J (2014) Effects of sulfanilic acid and anthranilic acid on electrochemical stability of polyaniline. Int J Electrochem Sci 9:6858–6869
Knochel P, Molander GA (2014) Comprehensive organic synthesis, 2nd edn, vol 7(05). Elsevier, Amsterdam
Kumar P, Prasad B, Mishra IM, Chand S (2007) Catalytic thermal treatment of desizing wastewaters. J Hazard Mater 149(1):26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.03.051
Kumar P, Prasad B, Mishra IM, Chand S (2008) Decolorization and COD reduction of dyeing wastewater from a cotton textile mill using thermolysis and coagulation. J Hazard Mater 153(1-2):635–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.007
Kumar P, Agnihotri R, Mondal MK (2013) Catalytic treatment of synthetic dye wastewater: COD and color reduction. J Environ Chem Eng 1(3):440–447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2013.06.008
Laarhoven LJJ, Mulder P, Wayner DDM (1999) Determination of bond dissociation enthalpies in solution by photoacoustic calorimetry. Acc Chem Res 32(4):342–349. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9703443
Lau YY, Wong YS, Teng TT, Morad N, Rafatullah M, Ong SA (2015) Degradation of cationic and anionic dyes in coagulation–flocculation process using bi-functionalized silica hybrid with aluminum-ferric as auxiliary agent. RSC Adv 5(43):34206–34215. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA01346A
Liu M, Chen Q, Lu K, Huang W, Lü Z, Zhou C, Yu S, Gao C (2017) High efficient removal of dyes from aqueous solution through nanofiltration using diethanolamine-modified polyamide thin-film composite membrane. Sep Purif Technol 173:135–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.023
Mohamed MH, Wilson LD, Headley JV, Peru KM (2008) Screening of oil sands naphthenic acids by UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectrophotometry. J Environ Sci Health A 43(14):1700–1705. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934520802330255
Nguyen TA, CC F, Juang RS (2016) Effective removal of sulfur dyes from water by biosorption and subsequent immobilized laccase degradation on crosslinked chitosan beads. Chem Eng J 304:313–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.06.102
Norman ROC, Coxon JM (1993) Principles of organic synthesis, 3rd edn. Blackie Academic & Professional, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2166-8
Patil NM, Gupte SP, Chaudhari RV (2010) Heterogenized copper catalysts for the amination of arylhalide: synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications. Appl Catal A 372(1):73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2009.10.013
Sahu O (2016) Performance of metal compound on thermolysis and electrolysis on sugar industries waste water treatment: COD and color removal with sludge analysis (batch experiment). Appl Water Sci 7:3065–3074
Shima H, Hossain MM, Lee I, Son S, Hahn JR (2016) Carbon-ZnO core-shell nanospheres: facile fabrication and application in the visible-light photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutant dyes. Mater Chem Phys 185:73–82
Shu HY, Chang MC, HH Y, Chen WH (2007) Reduction of an azo dye acid black24 solution using synthesized nanoscale zerovalent iron particles. J Colloid Interface Sci 314(1):89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2007.04.071
Su CXH, Teng TT, Wong YS, Norhashimah M, Rafatullah M (2016) Catalytic thermolysis in treating Cibacron blue in aqueous solution: kinetics and degradation pathway. Chemosphere 146:503–510
Xie W, Zhang M, Liu D, Lei W, Sun L, Wang X (2017) Photocatalytic TiO2/porous BNNSs composites for simultaneous LR2B and Cr (VI) removal in wool dyeing bath. J Photochem Photobiol A 333:165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.10.024
Zhang Y, Gao F, Wanjala B, Li Z, Cernigliaro G, Gu Z (2016) High efficiency reductive degradation of a wide range of azo dyes bySiO2-co core-shell nanoparticles. Appl Catal B Environ 199:504–513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2016.06.030
Zhu W, Liu P, Xiao S, Wang W, Zhang D, Li H (2015) Microwave-assisted synthesis of Ag-doped MOFs-like organotitanium polymer with high activity in visible-light driven photocatalytic NO oxidization. Appl Catal B Environ 172–173:46–51
Acknowledgements
This research work was supported by the School of Environmental Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) and fund-granted by Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education (FRGS: 9003:00516).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Bingcai Pan
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lau, YY., Wong, YS., Ang, TZ. et al. Degradation reaction of Diazo reactive black 5 dye with copper (II) sulfate catalyst in thermolysis treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 7067–7075 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1069-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1069-9