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Origin and effect factors of sedimentary organic carbon in a karst groundwater-fed reservoir, South China

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Abstract

Reservoirs are commonly recharged by groundwater that is rich in bicarbonate ions in karst regions of South China, and the recharge of this groundwater to the reservoir can affect the biogeochemical processes of carbon sedimentation at the reservoir bottom. In this study, Dalongdong Reservoir, which is mainly recharged by two subterranean streams, was investigated based on a 42-cm-thick sedimentary core and the 210Pb/137Cs dating technique and isotope analyses to understand the sedimentary history and identify the carbon sources. The 210Pb/137Cs age model showed that the sediments were accumulated over the last 60 years. The annual increase precipitation and temperature showed no obvious change compared with trends of δ13C in total organic carbon (δ13Corg), δ15N values in total nitrogen, and the carbon and nitrogen ratio (C/N). This shows that climate was not the main control of the variation in sediment factors. Based on δ13Corg, δ15N, C/N, and isotopic mixing modeling, sources of organic carbon in the sediments were derived from plankton (60.84%), soil (22.93%), waste water (14.56%), and terrestrial plants (1.67%). From 1958 to 1978, reservoir establishment and leakage affected the contribution of the four sources. The contribution of the plankton source increased from 1978 to 2015, resulting from change of water level and continued input of external nitrogen. However, because of the revegetation supplied by an economic aid project the contribution of soil showed a considerable decreasing trend from 1978 to 2002. After 2002, For “Grain for Green” project, the contribution from soil further decreased. After reservoir construction, the contribution of waste water stabilized. The contribution of terrestrial plants started increased rapidly after 2002. Karst groundwater, which contains more dissolved inorganic carbon containing lower δ13CDIC than the water sources of other lakes or reservoirs, makes the δ13Corg value of sediment more negative by phytoplankton photosynthesis in the reservoir.

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Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank Dr. Zhijun Wang and Dr. Jianjun Yin for their valuable comments and language modifications, which greatly improved the original manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (NO. YYWF201636), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 41572234 and NO. 41702271), the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (2016GXNSFCA380002, 2017GXNSFFA198006), the Geological Survey Project of CGS (DD20160305-03), and the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Institute of Karst Geology (NO.201501, NO.2017006).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MLR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China

    Siyu Huang, Junbing Pu, Jianhua Cao, Jianhong Li, Tao Zhang, Li Li, Feihong Wu, Moucheng Pan & Bing Bai

  2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geography Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Tao Zhang, Li Li & Feihong Wu

  3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Feng Jiang

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  1. Siyu Huang
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  2. Junbing Pu
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  3. Jianhua Cao
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  5. Tao Zhang
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  7. Li Li
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  10. Bing Bai
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Correspondence to Junbing Pu or Jianhua Cao.

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Huang, S., Pu, J., Cao, J. et al. Origin and effect factors of sedimentary organic carbon in a karst groundwater-fed reservoir, South China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 8497–8511 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1001-3

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