Abstract
In this study, the concentrations of selected heavy metals including Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, As, and Cd in different brands of canned vegetables and fruits including canned tomato sauce (ketchup), canned green beans, canned whole carrots, and canned juice (pineapple) imported to Jordanian market were determined by acid digestion and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Samples were collected from popular Jordanian markets, Irbid city, Northern Jordan (11 samples of each type). The metal concentrations in the samples analyzed were found to be in the range of 2.6–3.0 mg/kg for Pb, 0.50–0.60 mg/kg for Cd, 2.50–5.10 mg/kg for As, 0.84–0.91 mg/kg for Cu, 0.32–3.02 mg/kg for Zn, 0.66–1.71 mg/kg for Cr, and 0.97–2.94 mg/kg for Ni. The results obtained showed that Pb and As have the highest concentrations in the most of samples analyzed, whereas, the lowest concentrations obtained were mainly in Cd. For example, in canned tomato sauce, the average concentrations of heavy metals are 3.50 mg/kg for As, 0.50 mg/kg for Cd, 0.66 mg/kg for Cr, 0.89 mg/kg for Cu, 1.15 mg/kg for Ni, 2.95 mg/kg for Pb, and 1.02 mg/kg for Zn. The results of this study reveal that the concentration of some toxic heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Ni, As, and Cd) in canned vegetable and fruit samples being sold in Jordanian markets exceeded the permissible limits set by different health organizations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Al-Rajhi MA (2014) Determination the concentration of some metals in imported canned food and chicken stock. Am J Environ Sci 10:283–288
Al-Thagafi Z, Arida H, Hassan R (2014) Trace toxic metal levels in canned and fresh food: a comparative study. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 3:8977–8989
Belay K, Abisa Z (2015) Developing a method for trace metal analysis in spices using spectroscopic techniques: a review. Int J Chem Nat Sci 3:195–199
Codex (2010) Codex General Standard for contaminants and toxins in food and feed 193–1995. [Internet]. Adopted 1995; Revised 1997, 2006, 2008, 2009; [updated 2009, 2010] [cited 2013 Aug 19]. Available from: http://www.codexalimentarius.net/ download/standards/17/CXS_193e.pdf
Codex Alimentarius-Codex Commission (1998) Codex committee on food additives and contaminants, position paper on tin. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN.World Health Organization Rome
Codex Alimentarius-Codex Commission (2001) Procedural manual. Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN.World Health Organization Rome
Commission of the European Communities (2005) Commission regulation as regards heavy metals. Amending regulation 466/2001, No: 78/2005
Commission of the European Communities (2006) Commission regulation (EC) 2006/1881/EC of 19 December 2006 replacing regulation (EC) 466/2001 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J Eur Commun L 364:5–24
David I, Nela ŞM, Balcu I, Berbentea F (2008) The heavy metals analyses in canned tomato paste. J Agroalimentary Process Technol 14:341–345
Dospatliev L, Kostadinov K, Mihaylova G, Katrandzhiev N (2012) Determination of heavy metals (Pd, Zn, Cd, Ni) in Egg Plant. Trak J Sci 10:31–35
Elbagermi MA, Edwards HGM, Alajtal AI (2012) Monitoring of heavy metal content in fruits and vegetables collected from production and market sites in the Emisurata area of Libya. ISRN Anal Chem 10:1–5
FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health) (1972) Evaluation of certain food additives and the contaminants mercury, cadmium and lead. WHO technical report series, no. 505. WHO, Geneva
FAO/WHO (Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health) (1989) Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO technical report series 776, Thirty-Third Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Geneva, Switzerland
Fiamegkos B, de la Calle, Emteborg H, Seghers J, Tumba MF, Vahcic M, Cordeiro F, Cizek-Stroh A, Robouch P (2015) Determination of total As, Cd, Pb, Hg, Sn and inorganic As in canned food. Interlaboratory comparison report, European Commission EUR 27145 EN, ISBN 978-92-79-46355-6 (PDF), doi:https://doi.org/10.2787/987731
Hadiania MR, Farhangib R, Soleimanic H, Rastegard H, Cheraghalib AM (2014) Evaluation of heavy metals contamination in Iranian foodstuffs: canned tomato paste and tomato sauce (ketchup). Food Addit Contam Part B 7:74–78
Harmanescu M, Dragan S, Poiana MA, Cioban C, Moigradean D, Gogoasa I, Gergen I (2007) Metals composition of some functional food components: tomato sauce and degreased soy. Lucr St Med Vet. XL Timisoara 40:243–252
Kenya Standard (2005) Kenya standard, tomato products-specification, part 3: sauce and ketchup. ICS 67.080.20. KS 39-3:1–4
Korfali SI, Abou Hamdan W (2013) Essential and toxic metals in lebanese marketed canned food: impact of metal cans. J Food Res 2:19–30
Maduabuchi JMU, Nzegwu CN, Adigba EO, Aloke RU, Ezomike CN, Okocha CE, Obi E, Orisakwe OE (2006) Lead and cadmium exposure from canned and non-canned beverages in Nigeria: a public health concern. Sci Total Environ 366:621–626
MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture and fisheries and food) (1995) Monitoring and surveillance of nonradioactive contaminants in the aquatic environment and activities regulating the disposal of wastes at sea. Aquatic environment monitoring report no. 44. Directorate of Fisheries Research, Lowestoft
Majolagbe AO, Kasali AA, Ghaniyu LO (2011) Quality assessment of groundwater in the vicinity of dumpsites in Ifo and Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. Adv Appl Sci Res 2:289–298
Malakootian M, Tahergorabi M, Daneshpajooh M, Amirtaheri K (2011) Determination of Pb, Cd, Ni, and Zn concentrations in canned fish in southern Iran. Sacha J Environ Stud 1:94–100
Mandal BK, Suzuki KT (2002) Arsenic round the world: a review. Talanta 58:201–235
Mohod CV (2015) Review on the concentration of the heavy metals in vegetable samples like spinach and tomato grown near the area of Amba Nalla of Amravati City. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng Technol 4:2788–2792
Mol S (2011) Determination of trace metals in canned anchovies and canned rainbow trouts. Food Chem Toxicol 49:348–351
Ngoddy O, Ihekomonye A (1992) Integrated food science and technology for the tropics, 2nd ed, Macmfflan press Ltd. London 103–136
Oduoza CF (1992) Studies of food value and contaminants in canned foods. Food Chem 44:9–12
Ogunlana OO, Ogunlana OE, Akinsanya AE, Ologbenlao OO (2015) Heavy metal analysis of selected soft drinks in Nigeria. J global biosci 4:1335–1338
Oluwole SO, Olubunmi Makinde SC, Yusuf KA, Fajana OO, Odumosu AO (2013) Determination of heavy metals contaminants in leafy vegetables cultivated by the road side. Int J Eng Res Develop 7:1–5
Salihu SO, Jacob JO, Kolo MT, Osundiran BJ, Emmanuel J (2014) Heavy metals in some fruits and cereals in Minna markets, Nigeria. Pak J Nutr 13:722–727
East African Standard (2010) East African standard: tomato products-specification-Part 6: tomato sauce. 2010. 2nd ed. EAS 66-6: 2010, ICS 67.080.20, © EAC 2010; p. 1–14
Sulyman YI, Abdulrazak S, Oniwapele YA, Ahmad A (2015) Concentration of heavy metals in some selected cereals sourced within Kaduna state, Nigeria. J environ Sci Toxicol Food Technol 9:17–19
Tuzen M, Soylak M (2007) Determination of trace metals in canned fish marketed in Turkey. Food Chem 101:1378–1382
Usman B, Kolo BG, Lawan M, Usman YB (2015) Determination of heavy metals and ions in vegetable samples from Wawah and Yimir-Dhalang agricultural areas, Kwaya Kusar local government, Boron stat Ewemen. J Anal Environ Chem 1:14–19
Voegborlo RB, El-Methnani AM, Abedin MZ (1999) Mercury, cadmium and lead in canned fish. Food Chem 67:341–345
Acknowledgements
Authors would like to acknowledge the Jordan University of Science and Technology and Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan, for providing the facilities to perform this project.
Funding
This study was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Jordan University of Science and Technology for funding (grant number 170/2006).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Massadeh, A.M., Al-Massaedh, “.A.T. Determination of heavy metals in canned fruits and vegetables sold in Jordan market. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 1914–1920 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0611-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0611-0