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Inhibition of Phytophthora species, agents of cocoa black pod disease, by secondary metabolites of Trichoderma species

  • Chemistry, Activity and Impact of Plant Biocontrol products
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Abstract

Cocoa production is affected by the black pod disease caused by several Phytophthora species that bring, about each year, an estimated loss of 44% of world production. Chemical control remains expensive and poses an enormous risk of poisoning for the users and the environment. Biocontrol by using antagonistic microorganisms has become an alternative to the integrated control strategy against this disease. Trichoderma viride T7, T. harzanium T40, and T. asperellum T54, which showed in vivo and in vitro antagonistic activity against P. palmivora, were cultured and mycelia extracted. Inhibition activity of crude extracts was determined, and then organic compounds were isolated and characterized. The in vitro effect of each compound on the conidia germination and mycelia growth of four P. palmivora, two P. megakaria, and one P. capsici was evaluated. T. viride that displayed best activities produced two active metabolites, viridin and gliovirin, against P. palmivora and P. megakaria strains. However, no activity against P. capsici was observed. Besides being active separately, these two compounds have a synergistic effect for both inhibitions, mycelia growth and conidia germination. These results provide the basis for the development of a low-impact pesticide based on a mixture of viridin and gliovirine.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank C. Bance for technical assistance, L. Dubost for mass spectra, A. Deville for NMR spectra, and J. Mpika for providing the Trichoderma strains used in this study. The Government of Ivory Coast is acknowledged for the PhD fellowship to G.-A. P.).

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Author notes

  1. Gilles-Alex Pakora

    Present address: Département de Biosciences, Laboratoire Pharmacodynamie Biochimique, Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, BP 582, Abidjan, 22, Côte d’Ivoire

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UMR 7245), 57 rue Buffon, CP54, 75005, Paris, France

    Gilles-Alex Pakora, Bastien Nay & Didier Buisson

  2. Station de Recherche de Bimbresso, CNRA, 01 BP 1536, Abidjan, 01, Côte d’Ivoire

    Joseph Mpika

  3. Laboratoire de Physiologie Végétale, Université de Cocody Abidjan, BP V34, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

    Daouda Kone

  4. UMR BGPI-CIRAD, TA A 54/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Michel Ducamp

  5. Laboratoire de Phytopathologie, CNRA, BP 808, Divo, Côte d’Ivoire

    Ismael Kebe

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  1. Gilles-Alex Pakora
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Correspondence to Didier Buisson.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

The preliminary results of this study were presented (oral communication) at the Congress “Natural Product & Biocontrol 2014.”

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Pakora, GA., Mpika, J., Kone, D. et al. Inhibition of Phytophthora species, agents of cocoa black pod disease, by secondary metabolites of Trichoderma species. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 29901–29909 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0283-9

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