Abstract
Composting facility leachate usually contains high concentrations of pollutants including heavy metals that are seriously harmful to the environment and public health. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate heavy metals removal from Isfahan composting facility (ICF) leachate by a horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCWs) system. Two horizontal systems were constructed, one planted with vetiver and the other without plant as a control. They both operated at a flow rate of 24 L/day with a 5-day hydraulic retention time (HRT). The average removal efficiencies for Cr (53 %), Cd (40 %), Ni (35 %), Pb (30 %), Zn (35 %), and Cu (40 %) in vetiver constructed wetland were significantly higher than those of the control (P < 0.05). Accumulations of heavy metals in roots were higher than shoots. Cd and Zn showed the highest and the lowest bioconcentration factor (BCF), respectively. Vetiver tolerates the extreme condition in leachate including high total dissolved solids.
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Acknowledgments
The financial support for this research was provided by Isfahans Municipality and Solid Waste Management Organization. The authors would like to express their gratitude to Dr. Gholamreza Goudarzi and Mr. Alireza Rasouli, which have helped improve this manuscript.
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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-8012-3.
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Bakhshoodeh, R., Alavi, N., Soltani Mohammadi, A. et al. Removing heavy metals from Isfahan composting leachate by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 12384–12391 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6373-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6373-2