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Sources and potential health risk of gas phase PAHs in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China

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Abstract

Gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China were determined during heating and non-heating seasons, respectively, using passive air samplers. Polyurethane foam (PUF) disks were chosen as the sampling medium. Fifteen PAHs out of the 16 PAHs classified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) were detected in this field sampling investigation. The atmospheric levels of sampled PAHs were higher at urban sites than that at rural sites among 14 sampling sites and increased during heating season. The highest concentration (11.34 ng m−3) was observed in Lanzhou during the heating season, the capital and largest industrial city of Gansu Province. PAH contamination in air was dominated by three aromatic ring congeners. Possible sources of PAHs were apportioned using PAH species ratios and the principle component analysis (PCA) combined with a multiple linear regression (MLR) method. Fossil fuel consumption was identified to be the predominant source of PAHs over Hexi Corridor, accounting for 43 % of the concentration of total (15) PAHs. Backward and forward trajectory and cluster analysis were also carried out to identify potential origins of PAHs monitored at several urban and rural sites. Lung cancer risk of local residents to gas phase PAHs via inhalation exposure throughout the province was found to be around a critical value of the lung cancer risk level at 10−6 recommended by the U.S. EPA risk assessment guideline.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University (No. lzujbky-2014-277), State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KF2012-03), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41371453).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Xiaoxuan Mao, Tao Huang, Jianmin Ma & Hong Gao

  2. Lanzhou Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Zhousuo Yu

  3. Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China

    Zhongyuan Ding

  4. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Gan Zhang & Jun Li

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  1. Xiaoxuan Mao
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  2. Zhousuo Yu
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  3. Zhongyuan Ding
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  4. Tao Huang
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  5. Jianmin Ma
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  6. Gan Zhang
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  7. Jun Li
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Correspondence to Jianmin Ma or Hong Gao.

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Mao, X., Yu, Z., Ding, Z. et al. Sources and potential health risk of gas phase PAHs in Hexi Corridor, Northwest China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 2603–2612 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5495-2

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