References
Abdullah AH, Yusof MRM (1989) Hazardous waste management in Malaysia: current situation, possible management strategy and treatment approaches. Envirotech, Vienna, February 1989 [http://eprints.utm.my/3924/1/SKMBT_60007061915380.pdf Last viewed on July 1, 2015)
Becker DA, Comeford JJ (1980) Recycled oil program phase I: test procedures for recycled oil used as burner fuel, NBS Tech. Note, No. 1130. National Bureau of Standards, Washington
Beens J, Boelens H, Tijssen R, Blomberg J (1998) Quantitative aspects of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). J High Resol Chromatogr 21:47–54
Blomberg J, Schoenmakers PJ, Beens J, Tijssen R (1997) Compehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) and its applicability to the characterization of complex (petrochemical) mixtures. J High Resol Chromatogr 20:539–544
Grimmer G, Jacob J, Naujack KW (1981) Profile of the polyeyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from lubricating oils inventory by GCGC/MS—PAH in environmental materials, part 1. Fresenius’ Z Anal Chem 306:347–355
Gschweng PM, Hites RA (1981) Fluxes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to marine and lacustrine sediments in the northeastern United States. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 45:2359–2367
Ha SY, Kim GB, Yim UH, Shim WJ, Hong SH, Han GM (2012) Particle-size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban road dust of Masan. Korea Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 63:189–198
He M, Xu Q, Yang C, Piao X, Kannan N, Li DH (2014) A rapid preconcentration method using modified GP-MSE for sensitive determination of trace semivolatile organic pollutants in the gas phase of ambient air bull. Korean Chem Soc 2014(35):2995–3000
Hwang HM, Foster GD (2006) Characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater runoff flowing into the tidal Anacostia River, Washington, DC, USA. Environ Pollu 140:416–426
Kannan N, Schulz DE, Petrick G, Duinker JC (1992) High resolution PCB analysis of Kanechlor, Phenoclor and Sovol mixtures using multi dimensional gas chromatography. Intern J Environ Anal Chem 47:201–215
Kannan N, Petrick G, Schultz-Bull DE, Duinker JC (1993) Chromatographic techniques in accurate analysis of chlorobiphenyls. J Chromatgr 642:425–434
Kaplan IR, Lu ST, Alimi HM, MacMurphey J (2001) Fingerprinting of high boiling hydrocarbon fuels, asphalts and lubricants. Environ Forensics 2:231–248
Li D, Yang C, Ren C (2008) China Patent ZL 200820071370.4
Pruell RJ, Quinn JG (1988) Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in crankcase oil. Environ Pollut 49:89–97
Soclo HH, Garrigues M, Ewald M (2000) Origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal marine sediments: case studies in Cotonou (Benin) and Aquitaine (France) areas. Mar Pollut Bull 40:387–396
Swiss Report (1980) Organisation Mondiale de la Sant~, Quelques derives du petrole, Criteres d’hygiene del’environnement, Geneva, Switzerland, No. 20 (1980), 68–111
Tanacredi JT (1977) Petroleum hydrocarbons from effluents: detection in marine environment. J Water Pollut Control Fed 49:216–226
Vazquez-Duhalt R (1989) Environmental impact of used motor oil. Sci Total Environ 79:1–23
Web source (2015) http://www.gfk.com/sg/news-and-events/press-room/press-releases/pages/consumption-of-passenger-car-engine-oil-in-malaysia%E2%80%99s-central-region-reached-almost-17-million-liters-in-2013.aspx (last accessed on June 01, 2015)
Wong PK, Wang J (2001) The accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in lubricating oil over time: a comparison of supercritical fluid and liquid-liquid extraction methods. Environ Pollut 112:407–415
Yang C, Qiu J, Ren C, Piao X, Li X, Wu X, Li DJ (2009) Gas flow headspace liquid phase microextraction. Chromatogr A 1216:7694–9
Yang C, Piao X, Qiu J, Wang X, Ren C, Li DH (2011) Gas purge microsyringe extraction for quantitative direct gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of volatile and semivolatile chemicals. Chromatogr A 1218:1549–1555
Zakaria MP, Takada H, Tsutsumi S, Ohno K, Yamada J, Kouno E, Kumata H (2002) Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in rivers and estuaries in Malaysia: a widespread input of petrogenic PAHs. Environ Sci Technol 36:1907–1918
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants-in-aid from Research University Grant Scheme by University Putra Malaysia (9331400) and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 25513003.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Hongwen Sun
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Narayanan, K., Miyagawa, H., Kitano, R. et al. Greener approaches to the measurement of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in unused and used crankcase motor oils from Malaysia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 7206–7211 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5403-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5403-9