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Influence of different formulations on chlorpyrifos behavior and risk assessment in bamboo forest of China

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Abstract

The effects of two formulations (emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and granule (G)) on the distribution, degradation, sorption, and residue risk of chlorpyrifos (CHP) were investigated in two producing areas of bamboo shoot. The results showed that CHP was mainly distributed in the topsoil (0–5 cm, P < 0.05), with the proportion of CHP in the total quantity ranging from 76.0 to 100.0 % (G) and 12.0 to 98.1 % (EC), respectively. The degradation of CHP-EC in soils (half-life 27.7–36.4 days) was faster than that of CHP-G in soils (half life above 120–150 days). The main metabolite of CHP, 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), was found in soil samples. CHP showed good sorption ability in the two tested soils, with the sorption coefficient (KF) of 43.76 and 94.43 mg/kg. The terminal residues of CHP in bamboo shoots were in the range of 15.2–75.6 (G) and 10.4–35.7 μg/kg (EC), respectively. The soil type had a notable effect on the CHP behaviors in soil (P < 0.05, especially for CHP-G), but it did not affect the metabolite of CHP. Although some positive bamboo shoot samples (CHP residue exceeding maximum residue limits) were found, the hazard quotients did not exceed 7 %, which meant there was a negligible risk associated with the exposure to CHP via the consumption of bamboo shoots.

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Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Applied Research Project in the Public Interest of Zhejiang Province (2015C32071) and the Special Fund for Forestry Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201304705).

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The authors state that there are no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, China

    Yihua Liu, Runhong Mo & Fubin Tang

  2. Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China

    Yihua Liu, Yan Fu & Yirong Guo

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  1. Yihua Liu
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  2. Runhong Mo
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  3. Fubin Tang
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  4. Yan Fu
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  5. Yirong Guo
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Correspondence to Yirong Guo.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Liu, Y., Mo, R., Tang, F. et al. Influence of different formulations on chlorpyrifos behavior and risk assessment in bamboo forest of China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 20245–20254 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5272-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5272-2

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