Abstract
The nature of most environmental contaminants comes from chemical mixtures rather than from individual chemicals. Most of the existed mixture models are only valid for non-interactive mixture toxicity. Therefore, we built two simple linear regression-based concentration addition (LCA) and independent action (LIA) models that aim to predict the combined toxicities of the interactive mixture. The LCA model was built between the negative log-transformation of experimental and expected effect concentrations of concentration addition (CA), while the LIA model was developed between the negative log-transformation of experimental and expected effect concentrations of independent action (IA). Twenty-four mixtures of pesticide and ionic liquid were used to evaluate the predictive abilities of LCA and LIA models. The models correlated well with the observed responses of the 24 binary mixtures. The values of the coefficient of determination (R 2) and leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validated correlation coefficient (Q 2) for LCA and LIA models are larger than 0.99, which indicates high predictive powers of the models. The results showed that the developed LCA and LIA models allow for accurately predicting the mixture toxicities of synergism, additive effect, and antagonism. The proposed LCA and LIA models may serve as a useful tool in ecotoxicological assessment.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Altenburger R, Walter H, Grote M (2004) What contributes to the combined effect of a complex mixture? Environ Sci Technol 38:6353–6362
Altenburger R, Schmitt H, Schuurmann G (2005) Algal toxicity of nitrobenzenes: combined effect analysis as a pharmacological probe for similar modes of interaction. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:324–333
Backhaus T, Faust M (2009) State of the art report on mixture toxicity. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/effects/pdf/report_mixture_toxicity.pdf Accessed 30 Dec 2013
Backhaus T, Faust M (2012) Predictive environmental risk assessment of chemical mixtures: a conceptual framework. Environ Sci Technol 46:2564–2573
Backhaus T, Altenburger R, Boedeker W, Faust M, Scholze M, Grimme LH (2000) Predictability of the toxicity of a multiple mixture of dissimilarly acting chemicals to Vibrio fischeri. Environ Toxicol Chem 19:2348–2356
Backhaus T, Faust M, Scholze M, Gramatica P, Vighi M, Grimme LH (2004) Joint algal toxicity of phenylurea herbicides is equally predictable by concentration addition and independent action. Environ Toxicol Chem 23:258–264
Belden JB, Gilliom RJ, Lydy MJ (2007) How well can we predict the toxicity of pesticide mixtures to aquatic life? Integr Environ Assess Manage 3:364–372
Bliss CI (1939) The toxicity of poisons applied jointly. Ann Appl Biol 26:585–615
Cedergreen N, Christensen AM, Kamper A, Kudsk P, Mathiassen SK, Streibig JC, Srensen H (2008) A review of independent action compared to concentration addition as reference models for mixtures of compounds with different molecular target sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:1621–1632
Dou RN, Liu SS, Mo LY, Liu HL, Deng FC (2011) A novel direct equipartition ray design (EquRay) procedure for toxicity interaction between ionic liquid and dichlorvos. Environ Sci Pollut Res 18:734–742
Garcia MAM, Lage MAP (2013) Dose-response analysis in the joint action of two effectors. A new approach to simulation, identification and modelling of some basic interactions. Plos One 8(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0061391
Gessner PK (1995) Isobolographic analysis of interactions: an update on applications and utility. Toxicology 105:161–179
Grabovsky Y, Tallarida RJ (2004) Isobolographic analysis for combinations of a full and partial agonist: curved isoboles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310:981–986
Johnson CM, Achary M, Suri RP (2013) An interaction model for estimating in vitro estrogenic and androgenic activity of chemical mixtures. Environ Sci Technol 47:4661–4669
Junghans M (2004) Studies on combination effects of environmentally relevant toxicants. Dissertation, University of Bremen
Khuri AI (2009) Linear model methodology. Chapman & Hall/CRC, London
Liu SS, Song XQ, Liu HL, Zhang YH, Zhang J (2009) Combined photobacterium toxicity of herbicide mixtures containing one insecticide. Chemosphere 75(3):381–388
Liu SS, Zhang J, Zhang YH, Qin LT (2012) APTox: assessment and prediction on toxicity of chemical mixtures. Acta Chim Sin 70(14):1511–1571. doi:10.6023/a12050175
Liu SS, Liu L, Chen F (2013a) Application of the concentration addition model in the assessment of chemical mixture toxicity. Acta Chim Sin 71:1335–1340
Liu SS, Wang CL, Zhang J, Zhu XW, Li WY (2013b) Combined toxicity of pesticide mixtures on green algae and photobacteria. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 95:98–103. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.05.018
Loewe S, Muischnek H (1926) Effect of combinations: mathematical basis of problem. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 114:313–326
Martin HL, Svendsen C, Lister LJ, Gomez-Eyles JL, Spurgeon DJ (2009) Measurement and modeling of the toxicity of binary mixtures in the nematode Caenorhabditis nlegans—a test of independent action. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:97–104
Mwense M, Wang XZ, Buontempo FV, Horan N, Young A, Osborn D (2004) Prediction of noninteractive mixture toxicity of organic compounds based on a fuzzy set method. J Chem Inf Comp Sci 44:1763–1773
Mwense M, Wang XZ, Buontempo FV, Horan N, Young A, Osborn D (2006) QSAR approach for mixture toxicity prediction using independent latent descriptors and fuzzy membership functions. SAR QSAR Environ Res 17(1):53–73
Olmstead AW, LeBlanc GA (2005) Toxicity assessment of environmentally relevant pollutant mixtures using a heuristic model. Integr Environ Assess Manage 1:114–122
Qin LT, Liu SS, Zhang J, Xiao QF (2011) A novel model integrated concentration addition with independent action for the prediction of toxicity of multi-component mixture. Toxicology 280:164–172
Ra JS, Lee BC, Chang NI, Kim SD (2006) Estimating the combined toxicity by two-step prediction model on the complicated chemical mixtures from wastewater treatment plant effluents. Environ Toxicol Chem 25:2107–2113
Rider CV, LeBlanc GA (2005) An integrated addition and interaction model for assessing toxicity of chemical mixtures. Toxicol Sci 87:520–528
Sorensen H, Cedergreen N, Skovgaard IM, Streibig JC (2007) An isobole-based statistical model and test for synergism/antagonism in binary mixture toxicity experiments. Environ Ecol Stat 14:383–397
Weisberg S (2005) Applied linear regression (vol 528). Wiley, Hoboken
Zhang YH, Liu SS, Song XQ, Ge HL (2008) Prediction for the mixture toxicity of six organophosphorus pesticides to the luminescent bacterium Q67. Ecotox Environ Safe 71:880–888
Zhang J, Liu SS, Liu HL (2009) Effect of ionic liquid on the toxicity of pesticide to Vibrio-qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. J Hazard Mater 170:920–927
Zhang J, Liu SS, Dou RN, Liu HL (2011) Evaluation on the toxicity of ionic liquid mixture with antagonism and synergism to Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67. Chemosphere 82:1024–1029
Zhang J, Liu SS, Yu ZY, Liu HL (2012a) Significant contributions of ionic liquids containing tetrafluoroborate and trifluoromethanesulfonate to antagonisms and synergisms in multi-component mixtures. J Hazard Mater 209:158–163
Zhang J, Liu SS, Zhang J, Qin LT, Deng HP (2012b) Two novel indices for quantitatively characterizing the toxicity interaction between ionic liquid and carbamate pesticides. J Hazard Mater 239–240:102–109
Acknowledgments
This work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21407032, 21207024, and 51268008), Guangxi College of Science and Technology Research Projects (ZD2014059).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Henner Hollert
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
ESM 1
(DOC 82 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Qin, LT., Wu, J., Mo, LY. et al. Linear regression model for predicting interactive mixture toxicity of pesticide and ionic liquid. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 12759–12768 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4584-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4584-6