Abstract
Within the French observatories network SOERE “URBIS,” databases of continuous turbidity measurements accumulating hundreds of events and many dry weather days are available for two sites with different features (Clichy in Paris and Ecully in Lyon). These measurements, converted into total suspended solids (TSS) concentration using TSS–turbidity relationships and combined with a model of runoff event mean concentration, enable the assessment of the contribution of sewer deposits to wet weather TSS loads observed at the outlet of the two watersheds. Results show that the contribution of sewer deposits to wet weather suspended solid’s discharges is important but variable (between 20 and 80 % of the mass at the outlet depending on the event), including a site allegedly free of (coarse) sewer deposits. The uncertainties associated to these results are assessed too.
References
Ahyerre M, Oms C, Chebbo G (2001) The erosion of organic solids in combined sewers. Water Sci Technol 43:95–102
Ashley R, Bertrand-Krajewski JL, Hvitved-Jacobsen T (2005) Sewer solids—20 years of investigation. Water Sci Technol 52:73–84
Bertrand-Krajewski JL, Barraud S, Kouyi GL, Torres A, Lepot M (2008) On-line monitoring of particulate pollutant loads in urban sewer systems: stakes, methods, example of application. La Houille Blanch 4e:49–57
Celestini R, Silvagni G, Spizzirri M, Volpi F (2007) Sediment transport in sewers. Water Resour Manag IV 103:273–282
Chebbo G (1992) Solides des rejets pluviaux urbains. Caractérisation et traitabilité (Solids in urban wet weather discharges: characterization and treatment). In: PhD thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, 488 p. (in French)
Chebbo G, Bachoc A, Laplace D, Leguennec B (1995) The transfer of solids in combined sewer networks. Water Sci Technol 31:95–105
Ellis JB, Hvitved-Jacobsen T (1996) Urban drainage impacts on receiving waters. J Hydraul Res 34:771–783
EPA (2005) Alex Maestre and Robert Pitt: the National Stormwater Quality Database, version 1.1. A compilation and analysis of NPDES, stormwater monitoring information. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa
Gasperi J, Gromaire MC, Kafi M, Moilleron R, Chebbo G (2010) Contributions of wastewater, runoff and sewer deposit erosion to wet weather pollutant loads in combined sewer systems. Water Res 44:5875–5886
Gasperi J, Garnaud S, Rocher V, Moilleron R (2011) Priority substances in combined sewer overflows: case study of the Paris sewer network. Water Sci Technol 63:853–858
Gromaire MC, Garnaud S, Saad M, Chebbo G (2001) Contribution of different sources to the pollution of wet weather flows in combined sewers. Water Res 35:521–533
Gromaire-Mertz MC, Garnaud S, Gonzalez A, Chebbo G (1999) Characterisation of urban runoff pollution in Paris. Water Sci Technol 39:1–8
Hannouche A (2012) Analyse du transport solide en réseau d’assainissement unitaire par temps de pluie: exploitation de données acquises par les observatoires Français en hydrologie urbaine (Analysis of solid transport in combined sewer network during wet weather: exploitation of data acquired by the French observatories in urban hydrology). In: PhD thesis, Universite Paris-Est, France, 485 p. (in French)
Hannouche A, Chebbo G, Ruban G, Tassin B, Lemaire BJ, Joannis C (2011) Relationship between turbidity and total suspended solids concentration within a combined sewer system. Water Sci Technol 64:2445–2452
Joannis C, Ruban G, Gromaire MC, Bertrand-Krajewski JL, Chebbo G (2008) Reproducibility and uncertainty of wastewater turbidity measurements. Water Sci Technol 57:1667–1673
Joannis C, Ruban G, Aumond M, Bertrand-Krajewski JL, Battaglia P, Lacour C, Saad M, and Chebbo G (2010) Mise en œuvre de capteurs de turbidité en collecteurs d’assainissement (Implementation of turbidity sensors in sewer systems). Techniques Sciences Méthodes (TSM) 1/2
Krejci V, Dauber L, Novak B, and Gujer W (1987) Contribution of different sources to pollutant loads in combined sewers. In: 4th international conference on urban storm drainage, Suisse
Lacour C (2009) Apport de la mesure en continu pour la gestion de la qualité des effluents de temps de pluie en réseau d’assainissement (Contribution of continuous turbidity measurements to the management of effluent quality in sewer systems during wet weather). In: PhD thesis, Universite Paris-Est, France, 330 p. (in French)
Lacour C, Joannis C, Gromaire M-C, Chebbo G (2009) Potential of turbidity monitoring for real time control of pollutant discharge in sewers during rainfall events. Water Sci Technol 59(8):1471–1478
Metadier M, Bertrand-Krajewski JL (2011a) Assessing dry weather flow contribution in TSS and COD storm events loads in combined sewer systems. Water Sci Technol 63:2983–2991
Metadier M, Bertrand-Krajewski JL (2011b) From mess to mass: a methodology for calculating storm event pollutant loads with their uncertainties, from continuous raw data time series. Water Sci Technol 63:369–376
Metadier M, Bertrand-Krajewski JL (2012) The use of long-term on-line turbidity measurements for the calculation of urban stormwater pollutant concentrations, loads, pollutographs and intra-event fluxes. Water Res 46:6836–6856
Passerat J, Ouattara NK, Mouchel J-M, Rocher V, Servais P (2011) Impact of an intense combined sewer overflow event on the microbiological water quality of the Seine River. Water Res 45:893–903
Rossi L (1998) Qualité des eaux de ruissellement (Quality of urban runoff). In: Ph.D. thesis, Thèse École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, Suisse, no. 1789, 303 p. (in French)
Saget A (1994) Base de données sur la qualité des rejets urbains de temps de pluie: distribution de la pollution rejetée, dimensions des ouvrages d’interception (Database on stormwater quality: distribution of discharged pollutant loads and sizes of interception). In: Ph.D. thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussees, 333p. (in French)
Saget A, Chebbo G, Desbordes M (1995) Urban discharges during wet weather—what volumes have to be treated. Water Sci Technol 32:225–232
Acknowledgments
This study has been performed within the framework of the French observatory network SOERE “URBIS”. The authors gratefully acknowledge the partners of OPUR, OTHU, and OneVu and the SEPIA Conseils firm for their combined financial and technical support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hannouche, A., Chebbo, G. & Joannis, C. Assessment of the contribution of sewer deposits to suspended solids loads in combined sewer systems during rain events. Environ Sci Pollut Res 21, 5311–5317 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2395-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2395-1