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Fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for characterization of contaminant exposure through selected biomarkers in African catfish

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Abstract

This study represents a first attempt at applying a fuzzy inference system (FIS) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to the field of aquatic biomonitoring for classification of the dosage and time of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) injection through selected biomarkers in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Fish were injected either intramuscularly (i.m.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with BaP. Hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities, relative visceral fat weights (LSI), and four biliary fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) concentrations were used as the inputs in the modeling study. Contradictory rules in FIS and ANFIS models appeared after conversion of bioassay results into human language (rule-based system). A “data trimming” approach was proposed to eliminate the conflicts prior to fuzzification. However, the model produced was relevant only to relatively low exposures to BaP, especially through the i.m. route of exposure. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was unable to raise the classification rate to an acceptable level. In conclusion, FIS and ANFIS models have limited applications in the field of fish biomarker studies.

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Acknowledgment

The authors would like to express their gratitude to Professor Michael Phillips for helpful comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ali Karami

  2. Department of Ecosystem Analysis, Institute for Environmental Research (Biology V), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    Steffen Keiter & Henner Hollert

  3. Fisheries and Oceans Canada at the Canadian Rivers Institute, Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada

    Simon C. Courtenay

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  1. Ali Karami
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  2. Steffen Keiter
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  4. Simon C. Courtenay
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Correspondence to Ali Karami.

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Responsible editor Philippe Garrigues

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Karami, A., Keiter, S., Hollert, H. et al. Fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for characterization of contaminant exposure through selected biomarkers in African catfish. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 1586–1595 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1027-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1027-5

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