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Effects of sleep duration and sleep quality in early pregnancy and their interaction on gestational diabetes mellitus

  • Epidemiology • Original Article
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Abstract

Purpose

To examine the association of sleep duration and quality in early pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and explore their interaction effect on GDM.

Methods

Participants from 2 hospitals were enrolled in this case–control study between April 2018 and November 2020. Sleep duration and quality were measured using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results

A total of 1300 participants (396 GDM and 904 controls) were included. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher global PSQI scores or poor sleep quality were associated with GDM with odds ratios of 1.13 (95% CI 1.07, 1.19, p < 0.001) and 1.75 (95% CI 1.29, 2.38, p < 0.001), respectively; sleep duration < 7 h, 9–9.9 h and ≥ 10 h were all associated with increased GDM with odds ratios of 4.28 (95% CI 2.51, 7.31, p < 0.001), 1.69 (95% CI 1.20, 2.39, p = 0.003), and 4.42 (95% CI 3.01, 6.50, p < 0.001), respectively. In the stratified analysis based on sleep duration, the effect of poor sleep quality on GDM in the < 7 h group (OR 5.47, 95% CI 2.57, 11.64, p < 0.001) was much stronger than that in the 7–8.9 h group (OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.81, 1.91, p = 0.327), and the p value of the interaction was 0.011.

Conclusions

Poor sleep quality and short or long sleep duration in early pregnancy were all associated with GDM, and an interaction effect between short sleep duration and poor sleep quality on GDM was noted.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Mrs. Sisi Hu for English language polishing of our manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of China (202010419030), Science and Technology Research Program of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department (GJJ180567) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (20202BABL216043).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266021, People’s Republic of China

    Weiye Wang & Dongfeng Zhang

  2. Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinggangshan University, 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji’an, Jiangxi, 343009, People’s Republic of China

    Weiye Wang, Yiwa Liu, Wei Yin, Zetong Li & Mengting Wan

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, 28 Xueyuan Road, Ji’an, Jiangxi, 343009, People’s Republic of China

    Haozhe Meng

  4. Department of Obstetrics, Anhui Women and Children Health Hospital, 15 Yimin Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People’s Republic of China

    Linbing Zou

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  1. Weiye Wang
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Correspondence to Dongfeng Zhang.

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Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Jinggangshan University in China (Approval number 201801, Approval date 2018–02-21). All the study participants provided written consent.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Wang, W., Meng, H., Liu, Y. et al. Effects of sleep duration and sleep quality in early pregnancy and their interaction on gestational diabetes mellitus. Sleep Breath 26, 489–496 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02391-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02391-3

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