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A CPAP data–based algorithm for automatic early prediction of therapy adherence

  • Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Short Communication
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Abstract

Objective

Adherence is a critical issue in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Approximately 40% of patients treated with CPAP are at risk of discontinuation or insufficient use (< 4 h/night). Assuming that the first few days on CPAP are critical for continued treatment, we tested the predictive value at day 14 (D14) of the Philips Adherence Profiler™ (AP) algorithm for adherence at 3 months (D90).

Method

The AP™ algorithm uses CPAP machine data hosted in the database of EncoreAnywhere™. This retrospective study involved 457 patients (66% men, 60.0 ± 11.9 years; BMI = 31.2 ± 5.9 kg/m2; AHI = 37.8 ± 19.2; Epworth score = 10.0 ± 4.8) from the Pays de la Loire Sleep Cohort. At D90, 88% of the patients were adherent as defined by a mean daily CPAP use of ≥ 4 h.

Results

In a univariate analysis, the factors significantly associated with CPAP adherence at D90 were older age, lower BMI, CPAP adherence (≥ 4 h/night) at D14, and AP™ prediction at D14. In a multivariate analysis, only older age (OR 2.10 [1.29–3.41], p = 0.003) and the AP™ prediction at D14 (OR 16.99 [7.26–39.75], p < 0.0001) were significant predictors. CPAP adherence at D90 was not associated with device-derived residual events, nor with the levels of pressure or leakage except in the case of very significant leakage when it persisted for 90 days.

Conclusion

Automatic telemonitoring algorithms are relevant tools for early prediction of CPAP therapy adherence and may make it possible to focus therapeutic follow-up efforts on patients who are at risk of non-adherence.

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Data availability

All detailed data is available upon request.

Abbreviations

AP:

Adherence Profiler

AHI:

apnea-hypopnea index

AHIFLOW :

residual apnea-hypopnea index

ATS:

American Thoracic Society

BMI:

body mass index

CPAP:

continuous positive airway pressure

D14:

day 14

D90:

day 90

NPV:

negative predictive value

OSA:

obstructive sleep apnea

PPV:

positive predictive value

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Christelle Gosselin and Jean-Louis Racineux, from the Institut de Recherche en Santé Respiratoire des Pays de La Loire. We thank Julien Godey, Laetitia Moreno, and Marion Vincent, sleep technicians in the Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine of Angers University Hospital.

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. However, this work benefited from free technical support (data gathering and statistical analysis by M. Levaillant) provided by the Institut de Recherche en Santé Respiratoire des Pays de La Loire.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Clinical Research, Philips Respironics, Paris, France

    AbdelKebir Sabil

  2. Pays de le Loire Respiratory Health Research Institute (IRSR-PL), Angers, France

    Marc Le Vaillant

  3. Philips Respironics, Murrysville, PA, USA

    Christy Stitt

  4. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Le Mans General Hospital, Le Mans, France

    François Goupil

  5. Respiratory Unit, Pôle santé des Olonnes, Olonne-sur-Mer, France

    Thierry Pigeanne

  6. Department of Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France

    Laurene Leclair-Visonneau

  7. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Cholet General Hospital, Cholet, France

    Philippe Masson

  8. Department of Respiratory Diseases, La Roche sur Yon General Hospital, La Roche-sur-Yon, France

    Acya Bizieux-Thaminy

  9. Respiratory Unit, Nouvelles Cliniques Nantaises, Nantes, France

    Marie-Pierre Humeau

  10. Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, University Hospital of Angers, INSERM Unit 1063, University of Angers, Angers, France

    Nicole Meslier & Frédéric Gagnadoux

Authors
  1. AbdelKebir Sabil
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  2. Marc Le Vaillant
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  3. Christy Stitt
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  4. François Goupil
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  7. Philippe Masson
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  8. Acya Bizieux-Thaminy
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  9. Marie-Pierre Humeau
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  10. Nicole Meslier
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  11. Frédéric Gagnadoux
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Contributions

This work was performed under the direction of Professor Frédéric Gagnadoux at the University Hospital of Angers, France.

A.S contributed to the design of the study, the analysis of the data, and the preparation of the manuscript. C.S contributed to the extraction of the CPAP machine data and making it available for the analysis. M.L performed the statistical analysis for all the data considered in this study. All the other authors participated in the recruitment of patients for the cohort and declare that they have seen and approved the manuscript as submitted. All the authors certify that the manuscript is being submitted only to the Sleep and Breathing Journal, that it will not be submitted elsewhere while under consideration

Corresponding author

Correspondence to AbdelKebir Sabil.

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Conflict of interest

At the time of the study, A. Sabil and C. Stitt were full-time employees of Philips Respironics. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest on the present study.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Sabil, A., Le Vaillant, M., Stitt, C. et al. A CPAP data–based algorithm for automatic early prediction of therapy adherence. Sleep Breath 25, 957–962 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-020-02186-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-020-02186-y

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