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ADH and PDC genes involved in tannins coagulation leading to natural de-astringency in Chinese pollination constant and non-astringency persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.)

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Abstract

Pollination constant non-astringency (PCNA)-type persimmons are the most desirable cultivar because the fruit loses astringency naturally and does not require any treatments for edibility. The mechanism of natural astringency loss in Chinese PCNA (C-PCNA)-type persimmon is probably related to the coagulation of soluble tannins into insoluble tannins, which is quite different from that in the Japanese PCNA (J-PCNA) type. In this work, three types of persimmon cultivars were sampled: ‘Luotian-tianshi’ (C-PCNA), ‘Maekawa-jirou’ (J-PCNA), and ‘Mopanshi’ (pollination constant astringent (PCA)) were sampled. Three DkADH and four DkPDC genes were isolated from C-PCNA plants. Three candidate genes for soluble tannins coagulation identified in C-PCNA fruit (DkADH1, DkPDC1, and DkPDC2) were characterized through combined analysis of spatiotemporal expression patterns and tannin and acetaldehyde contents during fruit development. Transient over-expression in persimmon leaves showed that DkADH1 and DkPDC2 led to a significant decrease in the levels of soluble tannins in infiltrated leaves. These results indicated that DkADH and DkPDC genes should be considered key genes for natural astringency loss in C-PCNA types.

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31171929) and the Special Scientific Research Fund of the Agricultural Public Welfare Profession of China (201203047). We are grateful to Dr. Zhibiao Ye (College of Horticulture and Forestry Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China) for proving the plant binary vector.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China

    Rongli Mo, Sichao Yang, Yanmei Huang, Wenxing Chen, Qinglin Zhang & Zhengrong Luo

  2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang, 438000, China

    Qinglin Zhang & Zhengrong Luo

Authors
  1. Rongli Mo
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  2. Sichao Yang
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  3. Yanmei Huang
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  4. Wenxing Chen
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  5. Qinglin Zhang
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  6. Zhengrong Luo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhengrong Luo.

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Data archiving statement

The cDNA sequences of three ADH and four PDC genes (accession no. KT867633 to KT867639) have been submitted to GenBank.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Communicated by A. M. Dandekar

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Fig. S1

Sequence identity analysis of DkADH1 between ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi.’ LT and MP indicate that the sequences were isolated form ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi,’ respectively (GIF 308 kb)

High-resolution image (TIF 25656 kb)

Fig. S2

Sequence identity analysis of DkADH2 between ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi.’ LT and MP indicate that the sequences were isolated form ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi,’ respectively (GIF 302 kb)

High-resolution image (TIF 27107 kb)

Fig. S3

Sequence identity analysis of DkADH3 between ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi.’ LT and MP indicate that the sequences were isolated form ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi,’ respectively (GIF 276 kb)

High-resolution image (GIF 480 kb) (TIF 25900 kb)

Fig. S4

Sequence identity analysis of DkPDC2 between ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi.’ LT and MP indicate that the sequences were isolated form ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi,’ respectively (GIF 480 kb)

High-resolution image (TIF 43928 kb)

Fig. S5

Sequence identity analysis of DkPDC3 between ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi.’ LT and MP indicate that the sequences were isolated form ‘Luotian-tianshi’ and ‘Mopanshi,’ respectively (GIF 453 kb)

High-resolution image (TIF 40758 kb)

Table S1

Sequences of the primers used for ADH and PDC genes amplification (DOC 33 kb)

Table S2

Sequences of the primers used for qRT-PCR analysis (DOC 33 kb)

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Mo, R., Yang, S., Huang, Y. et al. ADH and PDC genes involved in tannins coagulation leading to natural de-astringency in Chinese pollination constant and non-astringency persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.). Tree Genetics & Genomes 12, 17 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-016-0976-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-016-0976-0

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