Abstract
As essential structural molecules of fungal cell membrane, ergosterol is not only an important component of fungal growth and stress-resistance but also a key precursor for manufacturing steroid drugs of pharmaceutical or agricultural significance. So far, ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast has been elucidated elaborately, and efforts have been made to increase ergosterol production through regulation of ergosterol metabolism and storage. Furthermore, the same intermediates shared by yeasts and animals or plants make the construction of heterologous sterol pathways in yeast a promising approach to synthesize valuable steroids, such as phytosteroids and animal steroid hormones. During these challenging processes, several obstacles have arisen and been combated with great endeavors. This paper reviews recent research progress of yeast metabolic engineering for improving the production of ergosterol and heterologous steroids. The remaining tactics are also discussed.
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Abbreviations
- 7-DHC:
-
7-Dehydrocholesterol
- CDP:
-
Cytidine diphosphate
- CDP-DAG:
-
Cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol
- CFP:
-
Cyan fluorescent protein
- CPR:
-
Cytochrome P450 reductase
- DAG:
-
Diacylglycerol
- DD:
-
Dammarenediol-II
- E4P:
-
Erythrose 4-phosphate
- ePTS1:
-
Enhanced efficiency PTS1
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- F6P:
-
Fructose-6-phosphate
- FPP:
-
Farnesyl pyrophosphate
- G6P:
-
Glucose-6-phophate
- HCVcp:
-
Hepatitis C virus core protein 118–164 amino acids
- HSDs:
-
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases
- LD:
-
Lipid droplet
- LDL:
-
Low-density lipoprotein
- MLS:
-
Mitochondrial leader sequence
- MVA:
-
Mevalonate
- Ole:
-
Oleosin
- PA:
-
Phosphatidic acid
- PP:
-
Pentose phosphate
- PPD:
-
Protopanaxadiol
- PPDS:
-
Protopanaxadiol synthase
- PTS:
-
Peroxisome targeted sequence
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SE:
-
Steryl ester
- TAG:
-
Triacylglycerols
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We sincerely apologize to those whose work has not been discussed or cited in this review due to space and scope limitations. This work was financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFA0905400).
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This work was financially supported by National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2019YFA0905400).
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Jiang, Yq., Lin, Jp. Recent progress in strategies for steroid production in yeasts. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 38, 93 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-022-03276-7
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