Abstract
After the commercial cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum, that is becoming increasingly popular because of its valuable medicinal effects, a large amount of Ganoderma spent substrate (GSS) remains as a residual material. It is important to identify differences in the chemical compositions among GSS to indicate their suitability. This study was carried out to characterize and evaluate the substrates and GSS for the some chemical contents such as; pH, EC, organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), macro and micro elements and C:N ratios. The substrates were prepared by the mixtures of hornbeam and oak sawdust supplemented with wheat bran in a ratio of 20% (20WB) and tea manufacture waste in different ratios (10, 15, 20 and 25%). Organic C, C:N and pH values decreased in GSS, while N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn contents increased. EC and pH values of GSS varied between 1.13 and 2.33 dS m−1, and 5.14 and 5.69, respectively. GSS was found rich in all investigated mineral nutrients. The highest increases in all nutrient contents were generally determined in hornbeam sawdust with 20TW spent substrate. Initial mineral composition of the wastes influenced the mineral composition of the substrates and spent substrates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abak K, Duzyaman E, Seniz V, Gulen H, Peksen A, Kaymak HC (2010) Methods and goals in the development of vegetable production. Turkish agricultural engineering 7th technical congress, Ankara, pp 477–492, 11–15 January 2010
Bhawana AK, Thomas GV (2003) Biological efficiency of different Pleurotus species on the leaf stalk biomass from coconut palm. Mushroom Res 12(2):97–100
Castro RIL, Delmastro S, Curvetto NR (2008) Spent oyster mushroom substrate in a mix with organic soil for plant pot cultivation. Micol Apl Int 20(1):17–26
Chen AW, Miles PG (1996) Cultivation of Ganoderma bonsai. In: Royse DJ (ed) Mushroom biology and mushroom products. Penn State Unv. Press, University Park, pp 325–334
Jones JB Jr (2001) Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. CRC Press, Washington
Jong SC, Birgmingham JM (1993) Medicinal and therapeutic value of the shiitake mushroom. Adv Appl Microbiol 39:153–184
Kacar B (1994) Chemical analysis of plant and soil: III, Soil Analysis. Ankara Univ. Faculty of Agriculture, Education Res. Extension Found. Publications No. 3, Ankara
Kaddous FGA, Morgans AS (1986) Spent mushroom compost and deep litter fowl manure as a soil ameliorant for vegetables. In: Surface Soil Management. Proceedings New Zealand Society of Soil Science-Australian Society of Soil Science, Joint Conference. Rotorua, New Zealand, 138–147
Katkat AV, Cil N (1996) Plant nutrition laboratory guide. Uludag University, Agricultural Faculty Publications, Laboratory Guide, 8, Bursa
Maynard AA (1993) Nitrate leaching from compost-amended soils. Compost Sci Utiliz 1:65–72
Maynard AA (1994) Sustained vegetable production for three years using composted animal manures. Compost Sci Utiliz 2:88–96
Naraian R, Sahu RK, Kumar S, Garg SK, Singh CS, Kanaujia RS (2009) Influence of different nitrogen rich supplements during cultivation of Pleurotus florida on corn cob substrate. Environmentalist 29:1–7
Oei P (2003) Mushroom cultivation. Appropriate technology for mushroom growers, 3rd edn. Backhuys Pub, Leiden, p 426
Paredes C, Medina E, Moral R, Pe′rez-Murcia MD, Moreno-Caselles J, Bustamante MA, Cecilia JA (2009) Characterization of the different organic matter fractions of spent mushroom substrate. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 40:150–161
Peksen A, Yakupoglu G (2009) Tea waste as a supplement for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25(4):611–618
Rinker DL, ZERI, Kang SW (2004) Recycling of oyster mushroom substrate. Mushroom Growers’ Handbook-1. Post-harvest Manag 9:187–191
Rowell DL (1996) Soil science methods and applications. Wesley Longman Limited, Harlow
Ryan J, Estefan G, Rashid A (2001) Soil and plant analysis laboratory manual. ICARDA, Syria
Stewart DPC, Cameron KC, Cornforth IS, Sedcole JR (1998a) Effects of spent mushroom substrate on soil physical conditions and plant growth in an intensive horticultural system. Aust J Soil Res 36:899–912
Stewart DPC, Cameron KC, Cornforth IS (1998b) Effects of spent mushroom substrate on soil chemical conditions and plant growth in an intensive horticultural system-a comparison with inorganic fertilizer. Aust J Soil Res 36:185–198
Stewart DPC, Cameron KC, Cornforth IS (1998c) Inorganic-N release from spent mushroom compost under laboratory and field conditions. Soil Biol Biochem 30:1689–1699
Stewart DPC, Cameron KC, Cornforth IS, Main BE (1998d) Release of sulphate, potassium, calcium and magnesium from spent mushroom compost under laboratory conditions. Biol Fertil Soils 26:146–151
Stewart DPC, Cameron KC, Cornforth LS (2000) Release of sulphate-sulphur, potassium, calcium and magnesium from spent mushroom compost under field conditions. Biol Fertil Soils 31:128–133
Szulc W, Rutkowska B, Labetowicz J, Stepien W (2010). Effect of compost obtained from spent mushroom substrate on selected fertility indices of sandy soils. International conference on soil fertility and soil productivity, differences of efficiency of soils for land uses, expenditures and returns, Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany, 17–20 March 2010
Wagner R, Mitchell DA, Sassaki GL, Amazonas MALA, Berovic M (2003) Current techniques for the cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum for the production of biomass, ganoderic acid and polysaccharides. Food Technol Biotechnol 41(4):371–382
Yang F, Chienyan H, Chen H (2003) Use of stillage grain from a rice-spirit distillery in the solid state fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum. Process Biochem 39:21–26
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Peksen, A., Yakupoglu, G., Yakupoglu, T. et al. Changes in chemical compositions of substrates before and after Ganoderma lucidum cultivation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 27, 637–642 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0500-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0500-x