Abstract
Trichoderma spp. play an important role in biotic control, and several are efficacious against nematodes. To study the potential of Trichoderma species in controlling nematodes, fungal filtrates of 329 Trichoderma strains were evaluated for their nematicidal activity against Panagrellus redivivus and Caenorhabditis elegans. Fifteen strains exhibited nematicidal activity against P. redivivus, and 14 strains showed activity against C. elegans. The strain YMF1.02647 showed strong nematicidal activity against both nematodes, and the culture broth could cause more than 90% mortality to the tested nematodes within 48 h. A nematicidal compound was isolated from ethyl acetate extract of Trichoderma YMF1.02647 based on bioassay-guided fractionation. The compound was identified as trichodermin according to the spectroscopic data, which could kill more than 95% both P. redivivus and C. elegans in 72 h at 0.4 g l−1.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Anitha R, Murugesan K (2005) Production of gliotoxin on natural substrates by Trichoderma virens. J Basic Microbiol 45:12–19
Djian C, Pijarouvski L, Ponchet M, Arpin N (1991) Acetic acid, a selective nematicidal metabolite from culture filtrate of Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samsan and Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai. Nematologica 37:101–102
Dong JY, Li XP, Li L, Li GH, Liu YJ, Zhang KQ (2006) Preliminary results on nematicidal activity from culture filtrates of Basidiomycetes against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchoididae). Ann Microbiol 56:163–166
Girlanda M, Perotto S, Moenne-Loccoz Y, Bergero R, Lazzari A, Defago G, Bonfante P, Luppi AM (2001) Impact of biocontrol Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and a genetically modified derivative on the diversity of culturable fungi in the cucumber rhizosphere. Appl Environ Microb 67:1851–1864
Godtfredsen WO, Vangedal S (1964) Trichodermin, a new antibiotic related to trichothecin. Proc Chem Soc 6:188–189
Gray NF (1984) Ecology of nematophagous fungi: Comparison of the soil sprinkling method with the Baerman funnel technique in the isolation of endoparasites. Soil Biol Biochem 16:81–83
Harman GE, Kubicek CP (1998) Trichoderma and Gliocladium, London
Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A, Chet I, Lorito M (2004) Trichoderma species-opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nat Rev Microbiol 2:43–56
Jaradat ZW, ViIá B, Marquardt RR (2006) Adverse effects of T-2 toxin on chicken lymphocytes blastogenesis and its protection with Vitamin E. Toxicology 225:90–96
Li GH, Zhang KQ, Xu JP, Dong JY, Liu YJ (2007) Nematicidal substances from fungi. Recent Patents on Biotechnology 1:212–233
Meyer SLF, Roberts DP, Chitwood DJ, Carta LK, Lumsden RD, Mao W (2001) Application of Burkholderia cepacia and Trichoderma virens, alone and in combinations, against Meloidogyne incognita on bell pepper. Nematropica 31:75–86
Nielsen KF, Hansen MØ, Larsen TO, Thrane U (1998) Production of trichothecene mycotoxins on water damaged gypsum boards in Danish buildings. Int Biodeter Biodegr 42:1–7
Reino JL, Guerrero RF, Hernández-Galán R, Collado IG (2008) Secondary metabolites from species of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma. Phytochem Rev 7:89–123
Sankaranarayanan C, Hussaini S, Sreeramakumar S, Prasad RD (1997) Nematicidal effect of fungal filtrates against root-knot nematodes. J Biol Control 11:37–41
Schirmböck M, Lorito M, Wang YL, Hayes CK, Arisan-Atac I, Scala F, Harman GE, Kubicek CP (1994) Parallel formation and synergism of hydrolytic enzymes and peptaibol antibiotics, molecular mechanisms involved in the antagonistic action of Trichoderma harzianum against phytopathogenic fungi. Appl Environ Microbiol 60:4364–4370
Siddiqui IA, Shaukat SS (2004) Trichoderma harzianum enhances the production of nematicidal compounds in vitro and improves biocontrol of Meloidogyne javanica by Pseudomonas fluorescens in tomato. Lett Appl Microbiol 38:169–175
Stefanova M, Leiva A, Larrinaga L, Coronado MF (1999) Metabolic activity of Trichoderma spp. isolates for a control of soilborne phytopathogenic fungi. Rev Fac Agron 16:509–516
Suarez B, Llobell A (2004) Isolation and characterization of PRA1, a trypsin-like protease from the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum CECT 2413 displaying nematicidal activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 65:46–55
Ueno Y (1983) General toxicity. Trichothecenes. Chemical, biological and toxicological aspects. New York
Valero A, Sanchis V, Ramos AJ, Marín S (2007) Studies on the interaction between grape-associated filamentous fungi on a synthetic medium. Int J Food Microbiol 113:271–276
Watanabe A, Kamei K, Sekine T, Waku M, Nishimura K, Miyaji M, Tatsumi K, Kuriyama T (2004) Effect of aeration on gliotoxin production by Aspergillus fumigatus in its culturefiltrate. Mycopathologia 157:19–27
Watts R, Dahiya J, Chandhary K, Tauro P (1988) Isolation and characterization of a new antifungal metabolite of Trichoderma reesei. Plant Soil 107:81–84
Zhang SX, Zhang X (2009) Effects of two composted plant pesticide residues, incorporated with Trichoderma viride, on root-knot nematode in Balloonflower. Agric Sci in China 8:447–454
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program 2007CB411600, 2009CB125905), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30960007), the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province (2007B156M).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yang, ZS., Li, GH., Zhao, PJ. et al. Nematicidal activity of Trichoderma spp. and isolation of an active compound. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 26, 2297–2302 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0410-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-010-0410-y