Abstract
This study aims to understand the influence of salinity and labile organic matter removal on the fate and behavior of metals in coastal technosols. Two technosol cores were collected near the Lebanese shore. The cores were sectioned into layers; each layer was characterized for pH, salinity, electric conductivity, labile and total organic matter, grain size, and total and oxalate-extractable metals. Consequently, two saline solutions were used in desorption experiments to understand the role of ionic strength and labile organic matter on metal release. The results showed that the technosol layers were highly heterogeneous; most layers were enriched with Fe, Zn, Pb, and Cu. The mineralogical investigations showed that the metals, notably Fe, were not present as crystalline minerals, rather big percentages of the metals were found in amorphous or poorly crystalline phases. Desorption experiment showed that Mg release was dependent on salinity and organic matter in both technosols, while Pb release was dependent on both factors only in one. Additionally, Zn and Cu were associated to organic matter, and their release was conditioned by the removal of labile organic matter; iron was primarily found as amorphous or poorly crystalline phases, and salinity had a major role in its release. The role of ionic strength and labile organic matter removal on the behavior of metals in technosols was demonstrated. Finally, understanding metal dynamics between the solid and liquid compartments in technosols, especially where salt deposition occurs, is important to reduce unwanted metal leaching to groundwater or seawater and transfer to biota.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Prof. Ahmad Kobaissi (Lebanese University, Applied Plant Biotechnology Laboratory “APBL”) for giving us access to the flame photometer. The research assistants of the Research and Analysis Platform for Environmental Sciences (PRASE), namely Ms. Sarah Haddad, Ms. Sahar Rihane, Ms. Manal Houhou-Hadada, Mr. Ali Berro, and Ms. Zahraa Ataya, are acknowledged for their dedicated work in sample analyses. We also thank Mr. Hussein Nasser who helped during the sampling campaign, Dr. Rawaa Ammar for reviewing an earlier version of this manuscript, and an anonymous reviewer for their constructive comments.
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This research was financed by the research grant programs of the Lebanese University (The funding source had no involvement in the study design, writing of the report and decision to submit the article for publication).
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Kanbar, H.J., Srouji, E.E., Zeidan, Z. et al. Leaching of Metals in Coastal Technosols Triggered by Saline Solutions and Labile Organic Matter Removal. Water Air Soil Pollut 229, 157 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3808-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3808-z