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Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Water Management in a Forage Rice Paddy Field Supplemented with Dry-Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion Residue

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Abstract

Dry-thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion (DTAD) can be used to treat forage rice straw and pig manure and generate biogas as an energy source. Solid residue produced from DTAD process can be used as a fertilizer in forage rice fields, while addition of the residue could increase methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the soil. We evaluated the effects of adding DTAD residue and water management on CH4 and N2O emissions from a forage rice field. Three treatments were evaluated: (a) 100 kg N · ha−1 chemical fertilizer and continuous flooding (CC); (b) residue addition (300 kg N · ha−1 DTAD residue) with continuous flooding (RC); and (c) residue addition with intermittent irrigation (RI). RC and RI showed higher CH4 fluxes than CC throughout the growing period. After a midsummer drainage, RI showed higher soil Eh values and lower CH4 fluxes (mean, 7.6 mg C · m−2 · h−1) than those in RC (mean, 18.6 mg C · m−2 · h−1). Abundance of mcrA gene copy number was not different between RC and RI, suggesting CH4 flux was reduced by suppression of methanogenic activity by intermittent irrigation. Cumulative CH4 emissions during the cultivation period were 105, 509, and 306 kg C · ha−1 in CC, RC, and RI, respectively. N2O fluxes were within detection limits in all treatments. Our results, to our knowledge, are the first to show greenhouse gas emission from forage rice fields supplemented with DTAD residue and of the effectiveness of water management in CH4 mitigation.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by an Environment Research & Technology Development Fund (B-1103) from the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. We thank two anonymous referees for their valuable comments and constructive suggestions. We are also grateful to Mr. Tamotsu Ishibashi, Kurita Water Industries LTD., for providing inoculum for dry-thermophilic anaerobic digestion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan

    S. Riya, M. Katayama, E. Takahashi, A. Terada & M. Hosomi

  2. Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1000 Jinqi Road, Fengxian, Shanghai, 201403, China

    S. Zhou

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  1. S. Riya
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  2. M. Katayama
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  5. A. Terada
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  6. M. Hosomi
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Correspondence to S. Riya.

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Riya, S., Katayama, M., Takahashi, E. et al. Mitigation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Water Management in a Forage Rice Paddy Field Supplemented with Dry-Thermophilic Anaerobic Digestion Residue. Water Air Soil Pollut 225, 2118 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2118-3

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