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The Determinants of Formal and Informal Volunteering: Evidence from the American Time Use Survey

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Abstract

Using data from the 2009 American Time Use Survey, this study examines to what extent time spent in major life domains such as education, paid work, domestic work, and religion is associated with individuals’ decisions to volunteer formally and informally. Consistent with earlier studies of volunteering behavior, this study finds that time spent on market and domestic works is significantly and negatively associated with both formal and informal volunteering, though in slightly different ways. Meanwhile, time spent on educational and religious activities is significantly and positively associated with only formal volunteering but not informal volunteering. Moreover, the study finds that the two forms of volunteering are complements rather than substitutes. Implications of these and other-related findings for integrating the literatures on decisions about formal and informal volunteering are discussed.

Résumé

Mobilisant les données de l’enquête emploi du temps américaine (American Time Use Survey) de 2009, cette étude examine la relation entre le temps consacré aux activités principales de la vie telles que l’éducation, le travail rémunéré, les tâches domestiques et la religion, et les décisions individuelles d’engagement bénévole formel et informel. En cohérence avec les études précédentes concernant les comportements de bénévolat, cette étude démontre que le temps consacré au travail rémunéré et aux tâches domestiques affecte négativement et de manière importante l’engagement bénévole formel et informel, bien que de manière légèrement différente pour l’un et l’autre. D’autre part, le temps consacré aux activités éducatives et religieuses est corrélé de manière significativement positive au bénévolat formel, mais pas au bénévolat informel. Cette étude constate également que les deux formes de bénévolat sont complémentaires plutôt que substituables. Sont enfin discutées les conséquences de ces constatations, en vue d’une intégration à la littérature portant sur les décisions liées au bénévolat formel et informel.

Zusammenfassung

Die vorliegende Studie untersucht anhand von Daten der in 2009 durchgeführten Amercian Time Use Survey, einer Studie zur Zeitverwendung, in welchem Umfang die in wichtigen Lebensbereichen, wie Bidlung, bezahlte Arbeit, Hausarbeit und Religion, aufgebrachte Zeit mit der Entscheidung einzelner Personen, formale oder informale ehrenamtliche Tätigkeiten zu leisten, in Verbindung steht. In Übereinstimmung mit früheren Studien zu Verhaltensweisen ehrenamtlich Tätiger zeigt diese Studie, dass die Zeit, die mit bezahlten und häuslichen Tätigkeiten verbracht wird, bedeutend und negativ mit sowohl formalen als auch informalen ehrenamtlichen Tätigeiten in Verbindung gebracht wird, wenn auch auf etwas unterschiedliche Weise. Währenddessen wird die Zeit, die für Tätigkeiten in den Bereichen Bildung und Religion aufgebracht wird, bedeutend und positiv mit lediglich formalen, nicht aber informalen ehrenamtlichen Tätigkeiten in Verbindung gebracht. Weitherhin ergibt die Studie, dass sich die beiden Formen ehrenamtlicher Tätigkeiten vielmehr ergänzen, als dass sie sich ersetzen. Die Folgerungen dieser und weiterer ähnlicher Ergebnisse zur Integration der Literaturen bei der Entscheidung über formale und informale ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit werden diskutiert.

Resumen

Utilizando datos del American Time Use Survey de 2009 (encuesta americana sobre el uso del tiempo), este estudio examina en qué medida el tiempo dedicado a campos importantes de la vida, tales como la educación, el trabajo remunerado, el trabajo en el hogar y la religión está asociado a las decisiones de los individuos de realizar voluntariado formal o informalmente. Coherente con estudios anteriores sobre el comportamiento del voluntariado, este estudio encuentra que el tiempo dedicado al trabajo de mercado y al trabajo en el hogar se asocia de manera significativa y negativa tanto al voluntariado formal como al informal, aunque de modos ligeramente diferentes. En cambio, el tiempo dedicado a actividades educativas y religiosas se asocia de manera significativa y positiva solamente al voluntariado formal y no al voluntariado informal. Asimismo, el estudio encuentra que las dos formas de voluntariado son complementos más que sustitutos. Se tratan las implicaciones de éstos y otros hallazgos relacionados para integrar los materiales publicados sobre decisiones sobre el voluntariado formal e informal.

摘要

利用2009美国时间利用调查的数据,本研究了主要生活领域(如教育、有酬工作、家务劳动和宗教)的时间花费与正式和非正式的个人志愿服务行为之间关系。与以往的志愿服务行为研究结果相同,本研究发现市场工作和家务劳动的时间花费与正式和非正式的志愿服务时间是显著负相关的,尽管方式略有不同。同时,教育和宗教活动的时间花费仅与正式的志愿活动显着正相关;这一结论对非正式志愿服务不成立。此外,研究发现两种形式的志愿服务更接近于互补关系,而非替代。本文对这些以及其他正式和非正式志愿对决定影响的文献结论进行了讨论。.

ملخص

بإستخدام بيانات من إستطلاع الرأي 2009 لإستخدام الوقت الأمريكي، هذه الدراسة تفحص إلى أي مدى قضاء الوقت في مجالات الحياة الرئيسة مثل التعليم، العمل بأجر، العمل المنزلي، و الدين يرتبط مع قرارات الأفراد للتطوع الرسمي و الغير رسمي. هذه الدراسة تتفق مع الدراسات السابقة للسلوك التطوعي، ووجدت الوقت الذي يقضيه الأفراد في عمل السوق و العمل المنزلي يرتبط بشكل ملحوظ و سلبي بكل من العمل التطوعي الرسمي و الغير رسمي، و مع ذلك بطرق مختلفة قليلاً. في الوقت نفسه، الوقت المستغرق في الأنشطة التعليمية و الدينية يرتبط بشكل ملحوظ و إيجابي بالعمل التطوعي الرسمي فقط و ليس العمل التطوعي الغير رسمي. علاوة على ذلك، الدراسة وجدت أن شكلين العمل التطوعي يكملان بعضهما بدلاً أن يكونا بدائل. تمت مناقشة الآثار المترتبة على هذه النتائج، والأخرى ذات الصلة لإدماج الآداب في القرارات حول العمل التطوعي الرسمي و الغير رسمي.

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Correspondence to Hiromi Taniguchi.

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Taniguchi, H. The Determinants of Formal and Informal Volunteering: Evidence from the American Time Use Survey. Voluntas 23, 920–939 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-011-9236-y

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