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Co-circulation of two Mumps virus genotypes in Assam, India

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Abstract

Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease, and research on the vaccine's efficacy has recently indicated declining efficacy that has failed to protect against primary infections or reinfections, leading to a global resurgence in nations that use mumps vaccine in their national immunization programmes (NIPs). Lack of reports on its infection, documentation and published studies prevents it from being recognized as a public health issue in India. The waning of immunity is ascribed to the changes between the circulating and vaccine strains. The goal of the current study was to describe the circulating MuV strains in the Dibrugarh district of Assam, India, from 2016 to 2019. Blood samples were examined for IgM antibodies, and throat swab samples were put through Taqman assay for molecular detection. The small hydrophobic (SH) gene was targeted for genotyping through sequencing, and its genetic variations and phylogenetic analysis were carried out. Mumps RNA was found in 42 cases, and Mumps IgM in 14, of which 60% (25/42) of the cases were male and 40% (17/42) were female mostly affecting children between the ages of 6 and 12. Sequence and phylogeny analyses of SH gene revealed Genotypes C (83%) and G (17%) were simultaneously circulating during the study period. The study offers crucial genetic baseline information for the creation of Mumps prevention and control measures. Therefore, based on the research, it is clear that developing an effective vaccination strategy should take into account all currently prevalent genotypes in order to provide better protection against the disease's comeback.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Regional Viral Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region for providing the necessary facilities and constant support to carryout research endeavor.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Virology, Gauhati Medical College and Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India

    Kimmi Sarmah

  2. Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Gopinath Bordoloi Nagar, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India

    Kishore Sarma

  3. Regional Medical Research Centre, N.E. Region (ICMR), Post Box-105, Dibrugarh, Assam, 786001, India

    Prasanta Kumar Borah, Jagadish Mahanta & Biswajyoti Borkakoty

  4. Department of ECD, ICMR, New Delhi, India

    Harpreet Kaur

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  1. Kimmi Sarmah
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Contributions

Conceived and designed the study: KS, BB, JM; performed the experiments: KS, KS; analyzed data: KS, BB, PKB; contributed reagents/materials: BB; contributed to the writing of the manuscript: KS, KS, BB, JM, PKB, HK.

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Correspondence to Biswajyoti Borkakoty.

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Sarmah, K., Sarma, K., Borah, P.K. et al. Co-circulation of two Mumps virus genotypes in Assam, India. Virus Genes 59, 515–523 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-023-02000-3

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