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Genetic characterization and molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated from Afghanistan in 2003–2005

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Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) isolates collected from various geographic locations in Afghanistan between 2003 and 2005 were genetically characterized, and their phylogeny was reconstructed utilizing nucleotide sequences of the complete VP1 coding region. Three serotypes of FMDV (types A, O, and Asia 1) were identified as causing clinical disease in Afghanistan during this period. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the type A viruses were most closely related to isolates collected in Iran during 2002–2004. This is the first published report of serotype A in Afghanistan since 1975, therefore indicating the need for inclusion of serotype A in vaccine formulations that will be used to control disease outbreaks in this country. Serotype O virus isolates were closely related to PanAsia strains, including those that originated from Bhutan and Nepal during 2003–2004. The Asia 1 viruses, collected along the northern and eastern borders of Afghanistan, were most closely related to FMDV isolates collected in Pakistan during 2003 and 2004. Data obtained from this study provide valuable information on the FMDV serotypes circulating in Afghanistan and their genetic relationship with strains causing FMD in neighboring countries.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Andrew Fox (Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Geographic Information Systems) for mapping the isolates; Steve Pauszek (USDA-ARS) for providing the design of primers O1F and Rev1 and assistance with constructing phylogenies; Bob Smith, Ph.D., D.V.M., United States Agency for International Development; Lt. Col. Don Couch, Col. Lyle Jackson and Maj. Trudy Salerno, members of the Department of Defense, United States Army, Coalition Joint Civil Military Operation Task Force; the Provincial and National Veterinary Officials of Afghanistan and the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Offices of Afghanistan; Dalton Diamond, MD and Gordon Plorin, Ph.D., Department of Defense; and Teresa Sigafoose, National Veterinary Services Laboratories (Ames, Iowa) for efforts in coordination and of collection of samples that were used in this study.

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Author notes

  1. Jean-Francois Valarcher

    Present address: IVI-Animal Health, Lärkbacken, 740 20, Vänge, Uppsala, Sweden

  2. Thomas S. McKenna

    Present address: Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 445 Easterday Lane, Madison, WI, 53706, USA

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient Point, NY, 11957, USA

    Kate R. Schumann, Thomas S. McKenna & Tammy R. Beckham

  2. Pirbright Laboratory, Institute for Animal Health, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK

    Nick J. Knowles, Paul R. Davies, Rebecca J. Midgley & Jean-Francois Valarcher

  3. Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Kabul, Afghanistan

    Abdul Quader Raoufi

  4. Department of Homeland Security, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient Point, NY, 11957, USA

    William Hurtle

  5. Department of Homeland Security, Frederick, MD, 21703, USA

    James P. Burans

  6. National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA

    Barbara M. Martin

  7. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Orient Point, NY, 11957, USA

    Luis L. Rodriguez

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  1. Kate R. Schumann
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Correspondence to Kate R. Schumann.

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Schumann, K.R., Knowles, N.J., Davies, P.R. et al. Genetic characterization and molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated from Afghanistan in 2003–2005. Virus Genes 36, 401–413 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-008-0206-4

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