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Sex diferences in serum and synovial fluid C-reactive protein concentration in healthy dogs

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Abstract

Differences between serum C-reactive protein (SCRP) and synovial fluid C-reactive protein (SFCRP) concentrations in healthy animals may be influenced by the sex of the individual and associated with various factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the disparities in SCRP and SFCRP concentrations between females and males, as well as within each sex. Sixty healthy dogs (N = 60), comprising both sexes, were enrolled in the study. Peripheral blood and knee synovial fluid samples were collected for SCRP and SFCRP analysis, respectively. Serum C-reactive protein (SCRP) and SFCRP concentrations were measured, with mean of 9.61 ± 4.96 mg/L for SCRP and 1.28 ± 3.05 mg/L for SFCRP. Notably, SFCRP concentrations were consistently lower than SCRP concentrations in both sexes. Statistically significant differences were observed between sexes for both SCRP (P = 0.021) and SFCRP (P = 0.007). Further analysis within females revealed statistically significant differences between SCRP and SFCRP concentrations (P = 0.002), whereas in males, such differences were not significant (P = 0.175). Additionally, weak correlations were found between SCRP and SFCRP concentrations for both sexes (females r = 0.07; males r = 0.29). Joint capsule thickness was assessed using ultrasonography, revealing thicker joint capsules in males. A robust positive association was noted between joint capsule thickness and the SFCRP concentration in both sexes. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamics of CRP in the context of joint health in male and female patients, elucidating the underlying pathological mechanisms of joint disease and inflammation. Overall, this underscores the importance of considering sex-specific factors in the assessment and management of joint health, as well as in the design and interpretation of studies involving SFCRP concentrations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Lisbon, of University of Lisbon–FMV/Ulisboa, Portugal; the laboratory Tridelta Development Limited®, Ireland, for offering the ELISA for serum PhaseTM Range Canine C—Reactive Protein Assay; and Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre (CMVAA), Barreiro- Portugal.

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The present work didnt received any kind of grants for it support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre - CMVAA, Rua D.ª Francisca da Azambuja Nº9 -9A, 2830-077, Barreiro, Portugal

    L. Miguel Carreira & P. Azevedo

  2. Department of Clinics - Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon (FMV-ULisboa), Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Polo Universitário Alto da Ajuda, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal

    L. Miguel Carreira, F. Inacio & G. Pires

  3. Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health (CIISA) – University of Lisbon, (FMV/ULisboa) Av. da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal

    L. Miguel Carreira & G. Pires

  4. Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300, Lisbon, Portugal

    L. Miguel Carreira & G. Pires

  5. Divisão de Medicina Veterinária, Guarda Nacional Republicana (GNR), Rua Presidente Arriaga, 9, 1200-771, Lisbon, Portugal

    J. Alves

  6. Faculty of Amercian, LASER Study Club - ALSC, Altamonte Springs, FL, 32714, USA

    L. Miguel Carreira & P. Azevedo

  7. Privat Human Dentistry (PHD), 1200, Lisbon, Portugal

    L. Miguel Carreira

Authors
  1. L. Miguel Carreira
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  2. J. Alves
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  3. F. Inacio
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  4. G. Pires
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  5. P. Azevedo
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Contributions

Conceptualization, L.MC; P. A Methodology, L.MC; F.II; P. A.; J. A.; G. P. Formal analysis, L.MC; F.I Investigation, L.MC; P. A Writing—original draft preparation, L.MC, GP Writing—review and editing L.MC; F.IC; P. AC; J. AC; G. P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to L. Miguel Carreira.

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Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Animal Ethics and Welfare Council (CEBEA) of FMV-ULisboa with the number code 003/2017, and the animals' participation in the study only started after the owners signed an informed consent form.

Consent to participate

An informed consent form was made to Tutors, and only after they signed, patients could be admitted to the study.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Carreira, L.M., Alves, J., Inacio, F. et al. Sex diferences in serum and synovial fluid C-reactive protein concentration in healthy dogs. Vet Res Commun (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-024-10386-0

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