Abstract
Although invasive species are often better competitors than native species, broad environmental tolerance may also drive invasion success. Tolerance to abiotic heterogeneity in riparian ecosystems tends to favour the establishment of alien clonal species, as well as their dispersion by vegetative fragments. Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig is a rhizomatous emergent macrophyte native to Asia and has invaded Neotropical riparian ecosystems. We assessed the effect of H. coronarium rhizome exposure to distinct abiotic conditions on ramet growth. We exposed rhizomes to different desiccation periods (1–90 days), temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C), and light regimes (0, 12, 16 h) and then assessed the effect of each of these variables on subsequent clonal growth (aboveground biomass production per plant and per ramet, and number and height of ramets) under ambient conditions. While no rhizome survived desiccation periods longer than 30 days, ramet growth among surviving rhizomes was not affected by the period of desiccation. Biomass production per rhizome, ramet biomass, and ramet height were significantly lower at 35 °C than at 25 °C. Constant darkness increased rhizome survival, but decreased ramet growth. Although rhizome exposure to extremes of each abiotic variable may hinder the invasion success of H. coronarium, the subsequent aboveground biomass production of surviving rhizomes did not decrease strongly in response to any treatment. This resilience may contribute to successful establishment of H. coronarium after dispersal through rhizome fragments and to varying abiotic conditions.
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Acknowledgements
We are thankful to J. R. Estêvão, J. Romero, and M. Martins for their support during the fieldwork and experiment monitoring; São Paulo Research Foundation [2016-19522-5 for its financial support]. DMSM thanks the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (307839/2014-1).
Funding
This work was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation [Grant No. 2016-19522-5 to D.M.S.M] and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [Grant No. 078392014-1 to D.M.S.M].
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DMSM and AMP conceived the ideas and designed the methodology. AMP collected the data. ROX analysed the data. ROX and WD led the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.
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Pinheiro, A.M., Silva Matos, D.M., Dawson, W. et al. Effect of rhizome exposure to contrasting abiotic conditions on the performance of the invasive macrophyte Hedychium coronarium J. Koenig (Zingiberaceae). Plant Ecol 222, 375–385 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01112-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01112-2