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Effects of inbreeding on production traits and genetic evaluations in Guzerá beef cattle raised under tropical conditions

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Abstract

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the influence of inbreeding on growth traits and body measurements, as well as on the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic trends in Guzerá cattle. Phenotypic records of 4,212 animals selected for postweaning weight from Guzerá Breeding Program of Advanced Beef Cattle Research Center were utilized. The pedigree file contained records from 7,213 animals born from 1928 to 2019. The traits analyzed were: birth weight (BW), weights adjusted to 210, 378 and 550 days of age (W210, W378 and W550, respectively), chest girth at 378 and 550 days of age (CG378 and CG550), scrotal circumference (SC), and hip height at 378 and 550 days of age (HH378 and H550). Linear regression was used to evaluate the effects of inbreeding on traits. Genetic parameters were obtained using models including or not the effect of inbreeding as a covariate. Inbreeding had negative effects (P ≤ 0.01) on BW (-0.09 kg), W378 (-2.86 kg), W550 (-2.95 kg), HH378 (-0.10 cm), and H550 (-0.29 cm). The lowest and highest heritability estimates were obtained for W210 (0.21 ± 0.07) and HH550 (0.57 ± 0.06), respectively. The genetic correlations were strong and positive between all traits, ranging from 0.44 ± 0.08 (SC x HH) to 0.99 ± 0.01 (W378 x W550). Spearman correlations between EBVs obtained with or without inbreeding effect ranged from 0.968 to 0.995 (P < 0.01). The results indicate loss of productive performance in inbred animals. However, the inclusion of inbreeding coefficient in genetic evaluation models did not alter the magnitude of genetic parameters or genetic trends for the traits studied.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The raw/processed data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time due to legal or ethical reasons.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP - https://fapesp.br/en; grant #2017/50339-5) for their financial support in data collection and for the scholarship awarded to GRDR (FAPESP grant #2023/11176-4). We also thank the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br: code 001) for the JVP, APF and JPSV scholarship.

Funding

This study was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP - grant #2017/50339-5; grant #2023/11176-4) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Avenue Bento Gonçalves 7712, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, RS, Brazil

    Juliana Varchaki Portes

  2. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane, Jaboticabal, 14884-900, SP, Brazil

    Gustavo Roberto Dias Rodrigues, Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante & Julia de Paula Soares Valente

  3. Institute of Animal Science (IZ), Beef Cattle Research Center, Rodovia Carlos Tonati 94, Sertãozinho, 13380-011, SP, Brazil

    Gustavo Roberto Dias Rodrigues, Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante, Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha, Roberta Carrilho Canesin, Julia de Paula Soares Valente & Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo

  4. School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Street Prof. Doutor Walter Mauricio Correa, Botucatu, 18618-681, SP, Brazil

    Josineudson Augusto II de Vasconcellos Silva

  5. Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenue Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-905, SP, Brazil

    Anielly de Paula Freitas

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  1. Juliana Varchaki Portes
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Contributions

Portes, Silva, Freitas, Mercadante and Cyrillo elaborated the Project, analyzed the data, and wrote the draft of the manuscript. Portes, Silva, Freitas, Mercadante, Bonilha, Canesin and Cyrillo verified the analytical methods and supervised the findings of this study. Rodrigues, Valente and Cyrillo contributed to the discussions and to drafting the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Gustavo Roberto Dias Rodrigues or Joslaine Noely dos Santos Gonçalves Cyrillo.

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All management procedures over the decades followed animal welfare guidelines and were conducted in accordance with São Paulo State Law No. 11.977. This study relied on a historical database sourced from the Institute of Animal Science - Advanced Beef Cattle Research Center, exempting it from requiring evaluation by an Ethics Comitte for Animal Use.

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Portes, J.V., Rodrigues, G.R.D., de Vasconcellos Silva, J.A.I. et al. Effects of inbreeding on production traits and genetic evaluations in Guzerá beef cattle raised under tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 56, 132 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-024-03987-z

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