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Effects of dietary supplementation of peanut skins (Arachis hypogaea) on performance, digestibility, and rumen fermentation of cattle: a meta-analysis

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Abstract

This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of the effects of dietary inclusion of peanut skins (PS) byproduct (Arachis hypogea L.) on intake, total-tract digestibility, and rumen fermentation of cattle via meta-analysis. Data were collected following the PRISMA methodology. Nine manuscripts and a graduate thesis met the inclusion criteria from 1983 to 2010. The effect size was estimated by calculating the weighted raw mean differences (RMD) between PS vs. control diets. The RMD was compared with a robust variance estimation method followed by a meta-regression and a dose–response analysis fitting the diet characteristics like crude protein content (CP), NDF content, ether extract content (EE), tannin content, and PS level in diet (0 to 40%) as covariates. Dietary PS decreased (P < 0.01) total-tract CP digestibility (52.0 vs. 64.3%), final body weight (371.5 vs. 397.9 kg), and average daily gain (1.14 vs. 1.44 kg/day) among treatment comparisons. Likewise, PS decreased total VFA (92.6 vs. 107.6 mmol/L) and NH3-N (8.22 vs. 12.1 mg/dL), but no effects were observed on rumen pH (6.47 vs. 6.14) and VFA molar proportions. Despite the between-cluster variance, dietary PS increased the ether extract digestibility (77.5 vs. 70.2%) among treatment comparisons. The subset and dose–response analysis revealed that PS should not exceed 8% (DM basis) in the diet to prevent negative effects on CP digestibility and animal performance. In conclusion, the results of this meta-analysis do not support the dietary inclusion of PS in cattle diets beyond 8%.

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Data availability

The authors declare that all datasets generated during the study will be made available in a freely accessible online data repository.

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Funding

This project was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture grant # 1022336.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Research Station, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 31030, USA

    M. D. Idowu & Thomas H. Terrill

  2. Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA

    M. D. Idowu, G. Taiwo, F. Eichie & Ibukun M. Ogunade

  3. Department of Agriculture, Food, and Resource Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD, 31030, USA

    Andres A. Pech-Cervantes

  4. Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, USA

    Z. M. Estrada-Reyes

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  1. M. D. Idowu
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Contributions

M.D.I.: data collection, data analysis, and writing.

A.A.P–C.: conceptualization, funding acquisition, data collection, data analysis, and writing.

G.T.: writing.

F.E.: writing.

I.M.O.: data analysis, and writing.

Z.M.E-R.: data analysis and writing.

T.H.T.: conceptualization, data analysis, and writing.

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Correspondence to Andres A. Pech-Cervantes.

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Idowu, M.D., Pech-Cervantes, A.A., Taiwo, G. et al. Effects of dietary supplementation of peanut skins (Arachis hypogaea) on performance, digestibility, and rumen fermentation of cattle: a meta-analysis. Trop Anim Health Prod 55, 385 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-023-03775-1

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