Abstract
In the literature, 630 species of Digenea (Trematoda) have been reported from Chinese marine fishes. These belong to 209 genera and 35 families. The names of these species, along with their hosts, geographical distribution and records, are listed in this paper.
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Introduction
China is a country with more than 4 million km2 of marine waters, including the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. These cover a diverse variety of climatic environments, ranging from temperate, through subtropical to equatorial tropical. This ecological environment is complex and diverse, and seasonal climatic variations can be quite dramatic. The large coastal regions provide rich fishery resources for China, with more 3,000 species of marine fishes reported (Zhu, 1998). Due to the variety of ecological environments and fish stocks, these waters harbour large numbers of parasitic worms.
Our knowledge of the trematode parasites of Chinese marine fishes and their distribution is still limited. Tseng (1933) was the first investigator; he described eight species of digeneans of marine fishes from off Tsingtao, Shandong Province, China. Subsequently, no further investigations were made on the digenean fauna of marine fishes of China until the work of Ku & Shen (1964a). Since 1964, Gu & Shen (1976–1985), Liu (1993–2003b), Shen (1982–1995), Shen & Qiu (1995); Tang (1981), Wang (1980–1991), among others, published many studies of the digeneans of Chinese marine fishes, such that 630 species of have now been reported.
The purpose of this paper is to list the known digeneans from off the coasts of China and summarise data on their hosts, distribution in Chinese waters and records.
Methods
Table 1 was compiled from original papers. The parasite species are presented in alphabetical order under family, subfamily (where appropriate) and genus. Their hosts, geographical location of the records and references to the records and (where appropriate) original descriptions of the species are also listed. The classification of parasites and all of the valid scientific names of the fish hosts have been updated according to the three volumes of the ‘CABI Keys to the Trematoda’ (Gibson et al., 2002; Jones et al., 2005; Bray et al., 2008) and ‘FishBase’ (Froese & Pauly, 2009), respectively.
Mention of a digenean and its host species in this paper does not necessarily imply that we agree with its validity or identification.
Comments
From this list, it is clear that digenean parasites in Chinese marine waters have a variety of different levels of host-specificity. The majority have a single fish host, with some having two or three final hosts, but there are 13 known definitive hosts for Erilepturus hamati (Yamaguti, 1934).
As mentioned above, there are various ecological environments and fish hosts off the coast of China. The species of parasite listed above likely represent only a proportion of the marine digenean fauna of China. Much more effort will be required in order to describe and record the entire trematode fauna of marine fishes in this region.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dr Su Xinzhuan of Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA and Dr D.I. Gibson of the Natural History Muscum, London, for their kind help with the writing and the two anonymous reviewers for their very useful comments.
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Sheng-fa Liu, Wen-feng Peng, Peng Gao and Ming-jun Fu have contributed equally to the work.
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Liu, Sf., Peng, Wf., Gao, P. et al. Digenean parasites of Chinese marine fishes: a list of species, hosts and geographical distribution. Syst Parasitol 75, 1–52 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9211-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-009-9211-9