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Phylogenetic relationships of the monozoic tapeworms (Eucestoda: Caryophyllidea) inferred from morphological characters

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Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships of all genera of the order Caryophyllidea, possibly the earliest branching group of true tapeworms (Platyhelminthes: Eucestoda) and the only one that is monozoic, have been assessed for the first time. Results of this cladistic analysis, inferred from 30 unweighted morphological characters, are only partly congruent with the existing classification, which consists of four families based on the position of the inner longitudinal muscles in relation to the internal genital organs. Whereas all but five genera of the Caryophyllaeidae form a monophyletic clade, members of the Capingentidae are split, occurring within six unrelated groups. The Lytocestidae is also paraphyletic, as some genera appear in four unrelated clades. Archigetes appears in a derived clade, indicating that its direct (monoxenous) life-cycle involving only tubificid oligochaetes is secondarily derived and not plesiomorphic among the Eucestoda, as postulated by some authors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to Eric P. Hoberg and Patricia Pilitt, US National Parasite Collection, Beltsville, USA, Agustín Jiménez-Ruiz, H.W. Manter Laboratory, University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, USA, and Ian Whittington and David Stemmer, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia for providing type- and voucher specimens for this study, and Blanka Škoríková, Institute of Parasitology, for help with preparation of figures. Invaluable suggestions of three anonymous referees have helped considerably in improving the present paper and are greatly appreciated, as is the thorough editing of the manuscript by D.I. Gibson. M.O. is grateful for the financial support to the European Commission (Research Infrastructure Action via the SYNTHESYS Project: AT-TAF-411, HU-TAF-300, GB-TAF-1135, DK-TAF-2354). This study was supported by the Scientific Grant Agency of Slovakia (VEGA, project No. 2/7192/27), Czech Science Foundation (GA ČR, project 524/08/0885), research projects of the Institute of Parasitology (Z60220518, LC 522), SYNTHESYS Programme of the EU (GE-TAF-127, FR-TAF-1139), and the Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic (AVVP, project No. 51-062205).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Parasitological Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia

    Mikuláš Oros & Vladimíra Hanzelová

  2. Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic

    Tomáš Scholz

  3. Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY, 12222, USA

    John S. Mackiewicz

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  1. Mikuláš Oros
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  2. Vladimíra Hanzelová
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Correspondence to Tomáš Scholz.

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Oros, M., Hanzelová, V., Scholz, T. et al. Phylogenetic relationships of the monozoic tapeworms (Eucestoda: Caryophyllidea) inferred from morphological characters. Syst Parasitol 70, 1–14 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-008-9133-y

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