Abstract
In this paper we describe some of the past, present and near future experiments that take advantage of clocks in space for tests of fundamental physics, together with some of the theoretical background. It is impossible to describe all missions and projects in the field, and we will only mention some of the most important ones. Nonetheless, we hope that the reader will learn from the past, appreciate the present and look forward to the future of space clocks in fundamental physics.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
E. Adelberger et al., Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 53, 77 (2003)
E. Adelberger et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 62, 102 (2009)
S. Aghion et al., J. Instrum. 8, 8013P (2013)
J.-M. Alimi, A. Füzfa, Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 16, 2587 (2007)
J.-M. Alimi, A. Füzfa, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 9, 14 (2008)
B. Altschul et al., Adv. Space Res. 55, 501–524 (2015)
M. Armano et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 231101 (2016)
K.G. Arun et al., Phys. Rev. D 71(8), 084008 (2005)
A. Arvanitaki et al., Phys. Rev. D 91, 015015 (2015)
A. Arvanitaki et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 031102 (2016)
N. Ashby, Living Rev. Relativ. 6, 1 (2003)
N. Ashby et al., Phys. Rev. D 75, 022001 (2007a)
N. Ashby et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 070802 (2007b)
N. Ashby et al., in Relativity in Fundamental Astronomy, Proceedings IAU Symposium, vol. 261, 2009, ed. by S.A. Klioner, P.K. Seidelman, M.H. Soffel (2010), p. 414
P. Avelino et al., Phys. Rev. D 64, 103505 (2001)
A. Avilez-Lopez et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 6, 044 (2015)
Y. Bai et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 10, 029 (2015)
Q. Bailey, A. Kostelecky, Phys. Rev. D 74, 045001 (2006)
Q. Bailey et al., Phys. Rev. D 88, 102001 (2013)
J. Battat et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 241103 (2007)
J. Bekenstein, Phys. Rev. D 25, 1527 (1982)
J. Bekenstein, J. Magueijo, Phys. Rev. D 73, 103513 (2006)
B. Bertotti et al., Nature 425, 374 (2003)
L. Blanchet, J. Novak, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 412, 2530 (2011)
H. Bock et al., J. Geod. 83, 1083–1094 (2009)
K. Bongs et al., C. R. Phys. 16, 553–564 (2015). arXiv:1503.08457
B. Botermann et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113(12), 120405 (2014)
A. Bourgoin et al., arXiv:1607.00294 (2016)
C. Brans, R. Dicke, Phys. Rev. 124, 925 (1961)
A. Brillet, J. Hall, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 549 (1979)
J.P. Bruneton, G. Esposito-Farèse, Phys. Rev. D 76, 124012 (2007)
C. Burrage et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 3, 042 (2015)
L. Cacciapuoti, C. Salomon, Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. 172, 57 (2009)
S. Carroll, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 153067 (1998)
S. Carroll et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 011301 (2009)
S. Carroll et al., Phys. Rev. D 81, 063507 (2010)
T. Clifton et al., Phys. Rep. 513, 1 (2012)
D. Colladay, A. Kostelecky, Phys. Rev. D 55, 6760 (1997)
D. Colladay, A. Kostelecky, Phys. Rev. D 58, 116002 (1998)
R. Dach et al., Center for orbit determination in Europe (CODE). Technical report, International GNSS Service: Technical Report 2012, ed. by R. Dach, Y. Jean (AIUB), IGS Central Bureau (2013)
T. Damour, Class. Quantum Gravity 29, 184001 (2012)
T. Damour, J. Donoghue, Phys. Rev. D 82, 084033 (2010)
T. Damour, A. Polyakov, Nucl. Phys. B 423, 532 (1994)
T. Damour et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 64, 123 (1990)
P. Delva et al., in Frontiers in Relativistic Celestial Mechanics. Volume 2: Applications and Experiments, ed. by S.M. Kopeikin (de Gruyter, Berlin, 2014)
P. Delva et al., Class. Quantum Gravity 32(23), 232003 (2015)
A. Derevianko, M. Pospelov, Nat. Phys. 10, 933 (2014)
J.M. Dow et al., J. Geod. 83, 191–198 (2009)
A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 340, 898 (1911)
A. Einstein, Ann. Phys. 154, 769 (1916)
B. Famaey, S. McGaugh, Living Rev. Relativ. 15, 10 (2012)
A. Fienga et al., Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. 123, 325 (2015)
E. Fischbach, C. Talmadge, The Search for Non-Newtonian Gravity (Springer, Berlin, 1999)
J. Frieman, B. Gradwohl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2926 (1991)
A. Füzfa, J.-M. Alimi, Phys. Rev. D 75, 123007 (2007)
W.A. Gardner, Introduction to Random Processes: With Applications to Signals and Systems, vol. 31 (McGraw–Hill, New York, 1990)
R. Godun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 210801 (2014)
B. Gradwohl, J. Frieman, Astrophys. J. 398, 407 (1992)
J. Guéna et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 080801 (2012)
P. Hamilton et al., Science 349, 849 (2015)
A. Hees et al., arXiv:1604.08514 (2016a)
A. Hees, A. Füzfa, Phys. Rev. D 85, 103005 (2012)
A. Hees, A. Füzfa, in Thirteenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting: On Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, Astrophysics and Relativistic Field Theories (2015), p. 1140
A. Hees, O. Minazzoli, arXiv:1512.05233 (2015)
A. Hees et al., Class. Quantum Gravity 29, 235027 (2012)
A. Hees et al., in Proceedings of the Journées 2013 “Systèmes de Référence Spatio-temporels” (2014a), p. 241. arXiv:1403.1365
A. Hees et al., Phys. Rev. D 89, 102002 (2014b)
A. Hees et al., Phys. Rev. D 90, 124064 (2014c)
A. Hees et al., in Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the SF2A (2015a), p. 125
A. Hees et al., Phys. Rev. D 92, 064049 (2015b)
A. Hees et al., Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 47, 9 (2015c)
A. Hees et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 455, 449 (2016b)
M. Hohensee et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 151102 (2011)
M. Hohmann, Phys. Rev. D 92, 064019 (2015)
N. Huntemann et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 210802 (2014)
L. Iorio, Class. Quantum Gravity 29, 175007 (2012)
H. Ives, G. Stilwell, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 28, 215 (1938)
M.T. Jaekel, S. Reynaud, Class. Quantum Gravity 22, 2135 (2005)
M.T. Jaekel, S. Reynaud, Class. Quantum Gravity 23, 777 (2006)
R. Kennedy, E. Thorndike, Phys. Rev. 42, 400 (1932)
M. Kesden, M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131303 (2006a)
M. Kesden, M. Kamionkowski, Phys. Rev. D 74, 083007 (2006b)
J. Khoury, A. Weltman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 171104 (2004a)
J. Khoury, A. Weltman, Phys. Rev. D 69, 044026 (2004b)
J.A. King et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 422, 3370 (2012)
A. Konopliv et al., Icarus 211, 401 (2011)
A. Kostelecky, M. Mewes, Phys. Rev. D 66, 056005 (2002)
A. Kostelecky, N. Russel, Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 11 (2011)
S. Lambert, C. Le Poncin-Lafitte, Astron. Astrophys. 529, A70 (2011)
S. Lamoreaux et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 3125 (1986)
C. Le Poncin-Lafitte et al., arXiv:1604.01663 (2016)
N. Leefer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 060801 (2013)
D. Lovelock, J. Math. Phys. 12, 498 (1971)
D. Lovelock, J. Math. Phys. 13, 874 (1972)
R. Mansouri, R. Sexl, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 8, 497 (1977)
C.J.A.P. Martins, A.M.M. Pinho, Phys. Rev. D 91, 103501 (2015)
D. Mattingly, Living Rev. Relativ. 8, 5 (2005)
P.J. McMillan, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 414, 2446 (2011)
S. Merlet et al., Metrologia 47, L9 (2010)
F. Mignard, S. Klioner, Proc. IAU Symp. 261, 306 (2010)
A. Milani et al., Phys. Rev. D 66, 082001 (2002)
M. Milgrom, Astrophys. J. 270, 365 (1983a)
M. Milgrom, Astrophys. J. 270, 371 (1983b)
M. Milgrom, Astrophys. J. 270, 384 (1983c)
M. Milgrom, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 399, 474 (2009)
O. Minazzoli, A. Hees, Phys. Rev. D 90, 023017 (2014)
N. Mohapi et al., J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 3, 32 (2016)
O. Montenbruck et al., GPS Solut. 16(3), 303–313 (2012)
O. Montenbruck et al., GPS World 24(7), 44–49 (2013)
O. Montenbruck et al., J. Geod. 89(3), 283–297 (2014)
S. Mouret, Phys. Rev. D 84, 122001 (2011)
H. Müller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 031101 (2008)
M.T. Murphy et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 345, 609 (2003)
R.M. Neal, Ann. Stat. 31(3), 705–767 (2003)
N. Nunes, J. Lidsey, Phys. Rev. D 69, 123511 (2004)
S. Origlia et al., arXiv:1603.06062 (2016)
J. Overduin, P. Wesson, Phys. Rep. 283, 303 (1997)
S. Peil et al., Phys. Rev. A 87, 010102(R) (2013)
P. Perez, Y. Sacquin, Class. Quantum Gravity 29, 184008 (2012)
A. Peters et al., Nature 400, 849 (1999)
A. Peters et al., Metrologia 38, 25 (2001)
E. Pitjeva, N. Pitjev, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 432, 3431 (2013)
Planck Collaboration, Astron. Astrophys. 571, A16 (2013)
R. Pound, G. Rebka, Phys. Rev. Lett. 3, 439 (1959)
L. Prange et al., in IAG Potsdam 2013 Proceedings. International Association of Geodesy Symposia, 2014, ed. by P. Willis (Springer, Berlin, 2013)
B. Ratra, P. Peebles, Phys. Rev. D 37, 3406 (1988)
S. Reinhardt et al., Nat. Phys. 3, 861 (2007)
H. Robertson, Rev. Mod. Phys. 21, 378 (1949)
P. Rochat et al., in Proceedings of 2012 European Navigation Conference, Gdansk, Poland, 25–27 Apr. 2012
T. Rosenband et al., Science 319, 1808 (2008)
G. Saathoff et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 190403 (2003)
S. Schlamminger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 041101 (2008)
L. Shao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 111103 (2014)
R. Srianand et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 121302 (2004)
Y. Stadnik, V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 161301 (2014)
Y. Stadnik, V. Flambaum, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 201301 (2015)
P. Stanwix et al., Phys. Rev. D 74, 081101(R) (2006)
STE-QUEST, Assessment study report. ESA report ESA/SRE 6 (2013). Available on http://sci.esa.int/ste-quest/53445-ste-quest-yellow-book/
C. Stubbs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 119 (1993)
R. Swaters et al., Astrophys. J. 718, 380 (2010)
C. Talmadge et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1159 (1988)
M. Tarallo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 023005 (2014)
J. Tasson, Rep. Prog. Phys. 77, 6 (2014)
K. Thorne, D. Lee, A. Lightman, Phys. Rev. D 7, 3563 (1971)
S. Turyshev, Phys. Usp. 52, 1 (2009)
J.-P. Uzan, Living Rev. Relativ. 14, 2 (2011)
K. Van Tilburg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 011802 (2015)
A. Verma et al., Astron. Astrophys. 561, A115 (2014)
R.F.C. Vessot, M.W. Levine, Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 10, 181–204 (1979)
R.F.C. Vessot et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 2081 (1980)
R.F.C. Vessot et al., Adv. Space Res. 9, 21–28 (1989)
J. Wang, L. Hui, J. Khoury, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 241301 (2012)
J. Webb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 091301 (2003)
J. Webb et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 191101 (2011)
C. Will, Theory and Experiment in Gravitational Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993)
C. Will, Living Rev. Relativ. 17, 4 (2014)
J. Williams et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. D 18, 1129 (2009)
J. Williams et al., Class. Quantum Gravity 29, 184004 (2012)
P. Wolf, G. Petit, Phys. Rev. A 56, 4405 (1997)
P. Wolf et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 060402 (2003)
P. Wolf et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 060801 (2006a)
P. Wolf et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 060801 (2006b)
L. Zhou et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 1 (2015)
I. Zlatev et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 896 (1999)
S. Zucker et al., Astrophys. J. 639, L21 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
High Performance Clocks with Special Emphasis on Geodesy and Geophysics and Applications to Other Bodies of the Solar System
Edited by Rafael Rodrigo, Véronique Dehant, Leonid Gurvits, Michael Kramer, Ryan Park, Peter Wolf and John Zarnecki
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Delva, P., Hees, A. & Wolf, P. Clocks in Space for Tests of Fundamental Physics. Space Sci Rev 212, 1385–1421 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0361-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-017-0361-9