Abstract
Strandings have been extensively documented for large mammals, however, a comprehensive survey focusing on batoids is currently lacking. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a review of available stranding data sourced from iNaturalist, news websites, and published papers. A total of 3.148 reports encompassing 189 batoid species were recovered, revealing the vulnerability of both oceanic and coastal species to strandings. Nevertheless, limited data on life stage, sex, animal condition, and fate hinder a comprehensive understanding of this phenomenon. Putative causes were identified only for a small percentage (6%) of the reports, namely pollution, abrupt environmental alterations, predation, pathologies, and fishing activities. The earliest reported stranding dates back to 1989, with an increase in reports observed since 2019. iNaturalist accounted for the majority (75%) of records, emphasizing its significance as a platform for reporting and monitoring batoid strandings. These strandings were reported in 51 countries, with the coastal areas of California, United States, particularly notable. Among the identified species, Rhinoptera bonasus exhibited the highest number of strandings, with 392 recorded individuals. Alarmingly, more than half of the reports involved threatened species, underscoring the need for increased attention to batoid strandings. To address these issues, we propose the establishment of stranding monitoring networks and the development of a freely accessible global database. In addition, the training of volunteer citizen scientists, the development of rescue and rehabilitation protocols, and manuals of good fishing practices aimed at commercial and recreational fisheries are also recommended.
Graphical Abstract
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data will be made available upon reasonable request.
Change history
02 March 2024
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-024-09841-7
References
Aragones L, Anne M, Roque et al (2010) The Philippine marine mammal strandings from 1998 to 2009: animals in the Philippines in Peril? Aquat Mamm 36:219–233219. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.36.3.2010.219
Baduel C, Lai FY, Townsend K, Mueller JF (2014) Size and age–concentration relationships for perfluoroalkyl substances in stingray livers from eastern Australia. Sci Total Environ 496:523–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.010
Behrendorff L, Leung LK-P, Allen BL et al (2018) Utilisation of stranded marine fauna washed ashore on K’gari (Fraser Island), Australia, by dingoes. Aust J Zool 66:128–138. https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO18022
Bizzarro JJ, Broms KM, Logsdon MG et al (2014) Spatial segregation in eastern north Pacific Skate assemblages. PLoS ONE 9:e109907. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109907
Brabyn MW, McLean IG (1992) Oceanography and coastal topography of herd-stranding sites for Whales in New Zealand. J Mammal 73:469–476. https://doi.org/10.2307/1382012
Bradshaw CJA, Evans K, Hindell MA (2006) Mass cetacean strandings: a plea for empiricism. Conserv Biol 20:584–586
Brusius BK, de Souza RB, Barbieri E (2020) Stranding of marine animals: effects of environmental variables. In: Leal Filho W, Azul AM, Brandli L et al (eds) Life below water. Springer, Cham, pp 1–10
Buck JD (1990) Potentially pathogenic marine vibrio species in seawater and marine animals in the Sarasota, Florida, area. J Coast Res 6:943–948
Camus A, Dill J, McDermott A et al (2016) Virus-associated papillomatous skin lesions in a giant guitarfish Rhynchobatus djiddensis: a case report. Dis Aquat Organ 117:253–258. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao02956
Carlisle AB, Litvin SY, Hazen EL, Madigan DJ, Goldman KJ, Lea RN, Block BA (2015) Reconstructing habitat use by juvenile salmon sharks links upwelling to strandings in the California Current. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 525:217–228. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11183
Cave EJ, Kajiura SM (2020) Electrosensory impairment in the Atlantic Stingray, Hypanus sabinus, after crude oil exposure. Zoology 143:125844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2020.125844
Chaikin S, Belmaker J, Barash A (2020) Coastal breeding aggregations of threatened stingrays and guitarfish in the Levant. Aquat Conserv 30:1160–1171. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3305
Charvet-Almeida P (2001) Ocorrência, Biologia e Uso das Raias de Água Doce na Baía de Marajó (Pará, Brasil), com Ênfase na Biologia de Plesiotrygon iwamae (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae). Dissertação de Mestrado. Belém, Universidade Federal do Pará & Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi
Clarke EO, Dorn B, Boone A et al (2013) Mycobacteriosis, Mycobacterium chelonae, in a captive yellow stingray (Urobatis jamaicensis). J Zoo Wildl Med 44:470–474. https://doi.org/10.1638/2012-0018R2.1
Clua E, Manire CA, Garrigue C (2014) Biological data of Pygmy Killer Whale (Feresa attenuata) from a mass stranding in new Caledonia (South Pacific) associated with Hurricane Jim in 2006. Aquat Mamm 40:162–172. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.40.2.2014.162
Compagno LJV, Cook SF (1995) The exploitation and conservation of freshwater elasmobranchs: status of taxa and prospects for the future. J Aquat Sci Nigéria 7:62–90
Costa IC, de Oliveira MA, Wosnick N et al (2022) Elasmobranch-associated microbiota: a scientometric literature review. PeerJ 10:e14255. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14255
Cressey D (2017) Climate change is making algal blooms worse. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2017.21884
Croll DA, Dewar H, Dulvy NK et al (2016) Vulnerabilities and fisheries impacts: the uncertain future of manta and devil rays. Aquat Conserv 26:562–575. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2591
D’Alberto BM, White WT, Chin A et al (2022) Untangling the Indonesian tangle net fishery: describing a data-poor fishery targeting large, threatened rays (Superorder Batoidea). Aquat Conserv 32:366–384. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3754
Dagleish MP, Baily JL, Foster G et al (2010) The first report of disease in a basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus). J Comp Pathol 143:284–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.02.001
Dapp DR, Walker TI, Huveneers C, Reina RD (2016) Respiratory mode and gear type are important determinants of elasmobranch immediate and post-release mortality. Fish Fish 17:507–524. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12124
Das T, Kamble SD, Rao RB, Mhatre VD (2010) Mass mortality of stingrays at Uran, Maharashtra. CMFRI Newsletter Cadalmin 126:12–12
Dayimani M (2021) Fish die-off in Eastern Cape ‘triggered by global warming’. News24. https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/pics-fish-die-off-in-eastern-cape-triggered-by-global-warming-20210311. Accessed 29 May 2023
De Freitas CM, da Silva MA, de Menezes FC, da Luz ZMP (2022) Mining dams disasters as systemic risks. Rev Bras Epidemiol 25:e220004. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720220004.supl.2
Dill JA, Camus AC, Leary JH, Ng TFF (2018) Microscopic and molecular evidence of the first Elasmobranch Adomavirus, the cause of skin disease in a Giant Guitarfish. Rhynchobatus Djiddensis Mbio 9:10. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00185-18
Drijfhout S, Gleeson E, Dijkstra HA, Livina V (2013) Spontaneous abrupt climate change due to an atmospheric blocking–sea-ice–ocean feedback in an unforced climate model simulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110:19713–19718. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1304912110
Dulvy NK, Simpfendorfer CA, Davidson LNK et al (2017) Challenges and priorities in shark and ray conservation. Curr Biol 27:R565–R572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.038
Dulvy NK, Pacoureau N, Rigby CL et al (2021) Overfishing drives over one-third of all sharks and rays toward a global extinction crisis. Curr Biol 31:4773-4787.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.062
Ellis JR, McCully Phillips SR, Poisson F (2017) A review of capture and post-release mortality of elasmobranchs. J Fish Biol 90:653–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13197
Elston C, Cowley PD, von Brandis RG, Lea J (2022) Stingray habitat use is dynamically influenced by temperature and tides. Front Mar Sci 8:754404. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.754404
Evans PGH, Bjørge A (2013) Impacts of climate change on marine mammals. Mar Clim Chang Impacts Partnersh Sci Rev 2013:134–148
Evans K, Thresher R, Warneke RM et al (2005) Periodic variability in cetacean strandings: links to large-scale climate events. Biol Lett 1:147–150. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0313
Fernando N, Hui S-W, Tsang C-C et al (2015) Fatal Fusarium solani species complex infections in elasmobranchs: the first case report for black spotted stingray (Taeniura melanopsila) and a literature review. Mycoses 58:422–431. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12342
Francis MP, Jones EG (2017) Movement, depth distribution and survival of spinetail devilrays (Mobula japanica) tagged and released from purse-seine catches in New Zealand. Aquat Conserv 27:219–236. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2641
Freeman A (2022) An important feeding area for juvenile Cowtail Stingrays ('Pastinachus ater’) in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Queensland, can come at a predatory cost. North Qld Nat 1–3. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.804249270388343
García-Salinas P, Gallego V, Asturiano JF (2021) Development of sperm cryopreservation protocols for sharks and rays: new tools for elasmobranch conservation. Front Mar Sci 8:689089. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.689089
Garner MM (2013) A retrospective study of disease in elasmobranchs. Vet Pathol 50:377–389. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985813482147
Garrone Neto D, Santos RS, Maracini P et al (2013) Strandings of the shortfin mako and the pelagic stingray on the coast of São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil: report of cases. Bol Inst Pesca 39:187–194
Gattuso J-P, Magnan A, Billé R et al (2015) Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios. Science 349:aac4722. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4722
Geraci JR, Lounsbury VJ (2005) Marine mammals ashore: a field guide for strandings. National Aquarium in Baltimore
Gonçalves e Silva F, dos Santos HF, de Assis Leite DC et al (2020) Skin and stinger bacterial communities in two critically endangered rays from the South Atlantic in natural and aquarium settings. MicrobiologyOpen 9:e1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1141
Greenhalgh T, Peacock R (2005) Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: audit of primary sources. BMJ 331:1064–1065. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38636.593461.68
Greig DJ, Gulland FMD, Kreuder C (2005) A Decade of live California Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) Strandings Along the Central California Coast: causes and Trends, 1991–2000. Aquat Mamm 31:11–22. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.31.1.2005.11
Halpern BS, Selkoe KA, Micheli F, Kappel CV (2007) Evaluating and ranking the vulnerability of global marine ecosystems to anthropogenic threats. Conserv Biol 21:1301–1315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00752.x
Hernández-Miranda E, Quiñones RA, Aedo G et al (2010) A major fish stranding caused by a natural hypoxic event in a shallow bay of the eastern South Pacific Ocean. J Fish Biol 76:1543–1564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02580.x
Herring SC, Hoerling MP, Peterson TC, Stott PA (eds) (2014) Explaining extreme events of 2013 from a climate perspective. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 95(9):S1–S97.
Higuera-Rivas JE, Hoyos-Padilla EM, Elorriaga-Verplancken FR et al (2023) Orcas (Orcinus orca) use different strategies to prey on rays in the Gulf of California. Aquat Mamm 49:7–18. https://doi.org/10.1578/AM.49.1.2023.7
Hung H, Halsall C, Ball H et al (2022) Climate change influence on the levels and trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) in the Arctic physical environment—a review. Environ Sci Process Impacts 24:1577–1615. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EM00485A
Isaacs R, Dalton T (1992) The Australlian guide to whale watching. Lansdowne Publishing, Australia
IUCN (2022) The IUCN red list of threatened species. Version 2022-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 26 July 2023
Jurado E, Lohmann R, Meijer S et al (2004) Latitudinal and seasonal capacity of the surface oceans as a reservoir of polychlorinated biphenyls. Environ Pollut 128:149–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2003.08.039
Koch V, Peckham H, Mancini A, Eguchi T (2013) Estimating at-sea mortality of marine turtles from stranding frequencies and drifter experiments. PLoS ONE 8:e56776. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056776
Kriegl M, Kluger LC, Gorris P, Kochalski S (2022) Coastal livelihood resilience to abrupt environmental change: the role of social capital in a Peruvian bay. Reg Environ Chang 22:103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-022-01959-3
Kumar U, Helen AM, Das J et al (2019) Unraveling the hidden truth in a poorly managed ecosystem: the case of discarded species of conservation interest in Bangladesh industrial marine fisheries. Reg Stud Mar Sci 32:100813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100813
Last PR, Séret B (2016) Fanrays family platyrhinidae. In: Last P, White WT, Carvalho MR, Séret B, Stehmann MFW, Naylor GJP (eds) Rays of the world. CSIRO, USA, pp 127–133
Last P, White WT, Carvalho MR et al (2016a) Rays of the world. CSIRO Publishing
Last PR, White WT, Jones CM (2016b) Cownose rays family Rhinopteridae. In: Last P, White WT, Carvalho MR, Séret B, Stehmann MFW, Naylor GJP (eds) Rays of the world. CSIRO, USA, pp 732–740
Lawson J, Carlisle AB, Villavicencio-Garayzar CJ (2016) Platyrhinoidis triseriata. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2016: e.T60112A80673588. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T60112A80673588.en
Marchesiello P, Estrade P (2009) Eddy activity and mixing in upwelling systems: a comparative study of Northwest Africa and California regions. Int J Earth Sci (geol Rundsch) 98:299–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-007-0235-6
Marshall A, Barreto R, Carlson J et al (2022) Mobula mobular (amended version of 2020 assessment). The IUCN red list of threatened species 2022: e.T110847130A214381504. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T110847130A214381504.en
Martinez-Steele L, Lowe CG, Okihiro MS, Berlemont R (2018) Draft genome sequences of nine new Carnobacterium maltaromaticum strains isolated from diseased sharks. Genome Announc. https://doi.org/10.1128/genomea.00354-18
Martins CL, Walker TI, Reina RD (2018) Stress-related physiological changes and post-release survival of elephant fish (Callorhinchus milii) after longlining, gillnetting, angling and handling in a controlled setting. Fish Res 204:116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2018.01.016
Martins APB, Heupel MR, Bierwagen SL et al (2020) Diurnal activity patterns and habitat use of juvenile Pastinachus ater in a coral reef flat environment. PLoS ONE 15:e0228280. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228280
Martins MF, Costa PG, Gadig OBF, Bianchini A (2021) Metal contamination in threatened elasmobranchs from an impacted urban coast. Sci Total Environ 757:143803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143803
McCabe RM, Hickey BM, Kudela RM et al (2016) An unprecedented coastwide toxic algal bloom linked to anomalous ocean conditions. Geophys Res Lett 43:10366–10376. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070023
Medeiros AM, Bersano JGF, Ari C, de Araujo Monteiro-Filho EL (2022) Endangered mobulids within sustainable use protected areas of southeastern Brazil: occurrence, fisheries impact, and a new prey item. Environ Biol Fish 105:775–786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-022-01282-0
Molina JM, Cooke SJ (2012) Trends in shark bycatch research: current status and research needs. Rev Fish Biol Fish 22:719–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-012-9269-3
Moore KM, Simeone CA, Brownell RL (2018) Strandings. In: Würsig B, Thewissen JGM, Kovacs KM (eds) Encyclopedia of marine mammals (third edition). Academic Press, pp 945–951
Morick D, Davidovich N, Bigal E et al (2020) Fatal infection in a wild sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus), caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, Type Ia-ST7. Animals 10:284. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020284
Murthy KS, Kiran BR, Venkateshwarlu M (2013) A review on toxicity of pesticides in fish. Int J Open Sci Res 1:15–36
Mylniczenko ND, Harris B, Wilborn RE, Young FA (2007) Blood culture results from healthy captive and free-ranging elasmobranchs. J Aquat Anim Health 19:159–167. https://doi.org/10.1577/H06-039.1
NASA (2019) How Do Hurricanes Form? https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/hurricanes/en/. Accessed 26 June 2023
NRC—National Research Council (U.S.) (2002) Abrupt climate change: inevitable surprises. The National Academies Press, Washington. https://doi.org/10.17226/10136
Pacoureau N, Carlson JK, Kindsvater HK et al (2023) Conservation successes and challenges for wide-ranging sharks and rays. Proc Natl Acad Sci 120:e2216891120. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2216891120
Peng C, Zhao X, Liu G (2015) Noise in the sea and its impacts on marine organisms. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:12304–12323. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph121012304
Pérez-Jiménez JC, Méndez-Loeza I, Mendoza-Carranza M et al (2012) Análisis histórico de las pesquerías de elasmobranquios del sureste del golfo de México. In: Sánchez AJ, Chiappa-Carrara X, Pérez RB (eds) Recursos acuáticos costeros del sureste. Red parael conocimiento de los recursos costeros del sureste, Mérida, Yucatan, México. pp 463–481
Pierce GJ, Santos MB, Smeenk C et al (2007) Historical trends in the incidence of strandings of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) on North Sea coasts: an association with positive temperature anomalies. Fish Res 87:219–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2007.06.001
Prado JHF, Mattos PH, Silva KG, Secchi ER (2016) Long-term seasonal and interannual patterns of marine mammal strandings in subtropical Western South Atlantic. PLoS ONE 11:e0146339. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0146339
Retallack H, Okihiro MS, Britton E et al (2019) Metagenomic next-generation sequencing reveals Miamiensis avidus (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) in the 2017 epizootic of leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) in San Francisco Bay, California, USA. J Wildl Dis 55:375–386. https://doi.org/10.7589/2018-04-097
Ritchie KB, Schwarz M, Mueller J et al (2017) Survey of antibiotic-producing bacteria associated with the epidermal mucus layers of rays and skates. Front Microbiol 8:1050. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01050
Rodrigues AFS, Rangel BDS, Wosnick N et al (2019) Report of injuries in batoids caught in small-scale fisheries: implications for management plans. Oecologia Australis 23:1–21. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2019.2301.07
Romanov EV, Potier M, Anderson RC et al (2015) Stranding and mortality of pelagic crustaceans in the western Indian Ocean. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 95:1677–1684. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531541500096X
Rosa RS, Charvet-Almeida CCD, Rosa RS (2010) Biology of the South American potamotrygonid stingrays. In: Carrier JC, Musick JA, Heithaus MR (Org.) Sharks and their relatives II: biodiversity, adaptive physiology, and conservation, vol II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 241–281
Rosel PE, Watts H (2008) Hurricane impacts on Bottlenose Dolphins in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Mexico Sci 25:88–94. https://doi.org/10.18785/goms.2501.07
Saaristo M, Brodin T, Balshine S et al (2018) Direct and indirect effects of chemical contaminants on the behaviour, ecology and evolution of wildlife. Proc R Soc B. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1297
Sandifer PA, Holland AF, Rowles TK, Scott GI (2004) The oceans and human health. Environ Health Perspect 112(8):A454–A455
Santos CP, Sampaio E, Pereira BP et al (2021) Elasmobranch responses to experimental warming, acidification, and oxygen loss—a meta-analysis. Front Mar Sci 8:1380. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.735377
Schaffer PA, Lifland B, Sommeran SV et al (2013) Meningoencephalitis associated with Carnobacterium maltaromaticum–like bacteria in stranded Juvenile Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis). Vet Pathol 50:412–417. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985812441033
Sherman CS, Bin Ali A, Bineesh KK et al (2021) Rhinoptera jayakari. The IUCN red list of threatened species 2021: e.T195474A175221403. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T195474A175221403.en
Sigmund G, Ågerstrand M, Antonelli A et al (2023) Addressing chemical pollution in biodiversity research. Glob Chang Biol 29(12):3240–3255. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16689
Skomal GB, Mandelman JW (2012) The physiological response to anthropogenic stressors in marine elasmobranch fishes: a review with a focus on the secondary response. Comp Biochem Physiol A 162:146–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2011.10.002
Stamper MA, Lewbart GA, Barrington PR et al (1998) Eimeria southwelli infection associated with high mortality of Cownose Rays. J Aquat Anim Health 10:264–270. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8667(1998)010%3c0264:ESIAWH%3e2.0.CO;2
Storai T, Zinzula L, Repetto S et al (2011) Bycatch of large elasmobranchs in the traditional tuna traps (tonnare) of Sardinia from 1990 to 2009. Fish Res 109:74–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2011.01.018
Strong WR, Snelson FF, Gruber SH (1990) Hammerhead shark predation on stingrays: an observation of prey handling by Sphyrna mokarran. Copeia 1990:836–840. https://doi.org/10.2307/1446449
Tao Z, Bullard SA, Arias CR (2014) Diversity of bacteria cultured from the blood of lesser electric rays caught in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. J Aquat Anim Health 26:225–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/08997659.2014.922513
Terrell SP (2004) An introduction to viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases of elasmobranchs. In: Smith M, Warmolts D, Thoney D, Hueter R (eds) The elasmobranch husbandry manual: captive care of sharks, rays and their relatives. Ohio Biological Survey, Ohio, pp 427–431
Truchon M-H, Measures L, L’Hérault V et al (2013) Marine mammal strandings and environmental changes: a 15-year study in the St. Lawrence ecosystem. PLoS ONE 8:e59311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0059311
Tuxbury KA, Young SA, Bradway DS et al (2017) Acute disseminated mycobacteriosis in captive Atlantic guitarfish (Rhinobatos lentiginosus). J VET Diagn Invest 29:935–938. https://doi.org/10.1177/1040638717721731
Valderrama-Herrera M, Cardenas SA, Calvo-Mac C et al (2023) Rajids ovipositing on marine litter: a potential threat to their survival. Mar Pollut Bull 191:114941. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114941
van Gennip SJ, Popova EE, Yool A et al (2017) Going with the flow: the role of ocean circulation in global marine ecosystems under a changing climate. Glob Chang Biol 23:2602–2617. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13586
Visser I (1999) Benthic foraging on stingrays by Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) in New Zealand waters. Mar Mammal Sci 15:220–227. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1999.tb00793.x
Whelan R, Jabado R, Clarke C, Muzaffar SB (2017) Observations of rays and guitarfish (Batoidea) in shallow waters around Siniya Island, Umm al-Qaiwain, United Arab Emirates. Tribulus 25:76–90
White WT, Last PR (2016) Eagle rays family Myliobatidae. In: Last P, White WT, Carvalho MR, Séret B, Stehmann MFW, Naylor GJP (eds) Rays of the world. CSIRO, USA, pp 706–725
Willmer IQ, Wosnick N, Rocha RCC et al (2022) First report on metal and metalloid contamination of Ampullae of Lorenzini in sharks: a case study employing the Brazilian sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon lalandii from Southeastern Brazil as an ecotoxicological model. Mar Pollut Bull 179:113671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113671
Wosnick N, Leite RD, Giareta EP et al (2022a) Global assessment of shark strandings. Fish Fish 23:786–799. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12648
Wosnick N, Giareta EP, Leite RD et al (2022b) An overview on elasmobranch release as a bycatch mitigation strategy. ICES J Mar Sci 80:591–604. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac164
Wosnick N, Leite RD, Balanin S et al (2023) Behavioral and visual stress-induced proxies in elasmobranchs. Rev Fish Biol Fish 33:175–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-023-09757-8
Zheng N, Wang S, Dong W et al (2019) The toxicological effects of mercury exposure in marine fish. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 102:714–720. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-019-02593-2
Acknowledgements
NW would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior and the Zoology graduate program for the postdoctoral fellowship. RAHD would like to acknowledge support from the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) through a Jovem Cientista do Nosso Estado 2021–2024 grant (process numbers E-26/201.270/2021 and E-26/201.433/2021), a Jovem Pesquisador Fluminense com Vínculo em ICTS do Estado do Rio de Janeiro grant (process number E-26/2010.300/2022) and the Brazilian National Council of Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), through a productivity grant (process number 308811/2021-6). The implementation of the Projeto Pesquisa Marinha e Pesqueira is a compensatory measure established by the Conduct Adjustment Agreement under the responsibility of the PRIO company, conducted by the Federal Public Ministry—MPF/RJ.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization—NW, EPG, and RDL; Data curation—EPG, RDL, and APC; Writing—original draft—EPG, NW, RDL, APC, and RAHD; Writing—review & editing—NW, RAHD, and PC.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
Content of publication
During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used ChatGPT to improve language and readability. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The original online version of this article has been revised: the co-author has been revised.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Giareta, E.P., Leite, R.D., Hauser-Davis, R.A. et al. Unveiling the batoid plight: insights from global stranding data and future directions. Rev Fish Biol Fisheries (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-024-09837-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-024-09837-3