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Linguistic processing in Hebrew-speaking children from low and high SES backgrounds

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Socio-Economic Status (SES) on Hebrew-speaking children’s developing ability to pluralize nouns and mark adjectives in agreement with them. Participants were 180 gradeschool children from mid-high SES and 180 peers from low SES, in six consecutive grade levels. The task consisted of 32 singular noun-adjective pairs with nouns classified into four categories by suffix type (Regular and Irregular) and by stem type (Nonchanging and Changing). Results showed a consistent advantage to the high SES children in accuracy of noun and adjective plurals, with gaps widening when the morphological requirements were harder, that is, in the irregular categories. Moreover, the fact that low SES children’s reaction times to producing the full plural phrase hardly decreased indicates that, unlike their high SES peers, they also did not gain more processing efficiency with age and schooling.

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Notes

  1. Stress is unmarked except in penultimate position, as final stress is default in Hebrew (Segall, Nir-Sagiv, Kishon-Rabin & Ravid, 2008).

  2. This refers only to non-root –t spelled ת (Ravid, 2005).

  3. A third agreement category of definiteness was not investigated in this paper.

  4. Or the whole sentence, in cases of predicative adjectives.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Learning Disability Studies, Haddad Center for Dyslexia and Learning Disability, School of Education, Bar-Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel

    Rachel Schiff

  2. Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Dorit Ravid

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  1. Rachel Schiff
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  2. Dorit Ravid
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Correspondence to Rachel Schiff.

Appendix

Appendix

32 Target nouns (singular/plural forms, gloss in singular)

  • Nonchanging stem, regular suffix, masculine

  • pil / pil-im ‘elephant’, xatul / xatul-im ‘cat’, tik / tik-im ‘bag’, agas / agas-im ‘pear’

  • Nonchanging stem, regular suffix, feminine

  • xulca / xulc-ot ‘shirt’, matana / matan-ot ‘present’, smixa / smix-ot ‘blanket’, sira / sir-ot ‘boat’

  • Nonchanging stem, irregular suffix, masculine

  • kinor / kinor-ot ‘violin’, olam / olam-ot ‘world’, sulam / sulam-ot ‘ladder’, sade / sad-ot ‘field’

  • Nonchanging stem, irregular suffix, feminine

  • beyca / beyc-im ‘egg’, shana / shan-im ‘year’, pnina / pnin-im ‘pearl’, nemala / nemal-im ‘ant’

  • Changing stem, regular suffix, masculine

  • tof / tup-im ‘drum’, cel / clal-im ‘shadow’, dli / dlay-im ‘bucket’, shor / shvar-im ‘bull’

  • Changing stem, regular suffix, feminine

  • ta’ut / ta’uy-ot ‘error’, kalétet / kalat-ot ‘cassette’, dim’a / dma’-ot ‘tear’, misgéret / misgar-ot ‘frame’

  • Changing stem, irregular suffix, masculine

  • lev / levav-ot ‘heart’, kace / kcav-ot ‘edge’, iparon / efron-ot ‘pencil’, régesh / regash-ot ‘feeling’

  • Changing stem, irregular suffix, feminine

  • tola’at / tola’-im ‘worm’, dérex / drax-im ‘way’, ir / ar-im ‘city’, isha / nash-im ‘woman’

4 Target adjectives (masculine singular/plural/feminine plural)

  • tov / tovim / tovot ‘good’; gadol / gdolim / gdolot ‘big’; lavan / levanim / levanot ‘white’; shaket / shketim / shketot ‘quiet’

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Schiff, R., Ravid, D. Linguistic processing in Hebrew-speaking children from low and high SES backgrounds. Read Writ 25, 1427–1448 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-011-9326-7

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