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Preparation of zirconium carbonate as water-tolerant solid base catalyst for glucose isomerization and one-pot synthesis of levulinic acid with solid acid catalyst

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Abstract

In this research, zirconium compounds were prepared as water-tolerant solid base catalysts by a simple method. Their catalytic activities were investigated in the aqueous glucose–fructose isomerization reaction. The zirconium carbonate (ZrC) catalyst could work in wide range of reaction temperature (80–140 °C) and the maximum glucose conversion reached 45 % at 120 °C with 76 % selectivity to fructose. The ZrC catalyst was found to retain its activity without significant decrease in the fructose yield after being used for five times. In the one-pot transformation of glucose to levulinic acid (LA), the ZrC could afford 17 % yield of LA after 12 h reaction in water–toluene biphasic solvents in combination with a solid acid catalyst, Amberlyst-15. The proposed reaction system in water–toluene biphasic solvents occurred faster and gave higher LA yield than that in pure water solvent.

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Notes

  1. The use of water/toluene biphasic solvent accelerated acid-catalyzed reactions since fructose yield in the initial 20 min did not change in both solvents (pure water and water/toluene). In biphasic solvent system, catalysts and sugars were distributed in water phase, while formed HMF moved into toluene phase. These phenomena pushed dehydration reaction of fructose in water phase to shift toward HMF formation [44, 45]. The utilization of pure organic solvents for transform of sugars to LA is not necessary to be investigated because the rehydration of HMF to LA is prohibited in the absence of water.

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Acknowledgments

This work is supported by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (No. 22560764) by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. P.A. Son is thankful to 322 Project of Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) from Vietnam Government for the scholarship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan

    Pham Anh Son, Shun Nishimura & Kohki Ebitani

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  1. Pham Anh Son
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  2. Shun Nishimura
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  3. Kohki Ebitani
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Correspondence to Kohki Ebitani.

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Son, P.A., Nishimura, S. & Ebitani, K. Preparation of zirconium carbonate as water-tolerant solid base catalyst for glucose isomerization and one-pot synthesis of levulinic acid with solid acid catalyst. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 111, 183–197 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-013-0642-6

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