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Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Solanum muricatum Aiton Leaf Extract In Vivo and In Vitro

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Abstract

Hypertension is a global health problem and leads to cardiovascular disease and renal injury. Solanum muricatum Aiton leaf extract, rich in flavonoids, is known for its antioxidant capacity. However, the effects of Solanum muricatum Aiton leaf extract on hypertension combined with inflammatory complications were unknown. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Solanum muricatum Aiton leaf extract on hypertension in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, Solanum muricatum Aiton leaf extract led to decrease high blood pressure, improve heart, aorta, and kidney pathology, and enhance the antioxidative activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Our study demonstrated Solanum muricatum Aiton leaf extract inhibited angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), sodium glucose co-transporters-1 (SGLT-1), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). In vitro, Solanum muricatum Aiton leaf extract improved the angiotensin II-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial membrane depolarization in NRK-52E cells. Besides, Solanum muricatum Aiton leaf extract could also decrease the expressions of ENaC, SGLT-1, and NF-κB in angiotensin II-treated NRK-52E cells. Solanum muricatum Aiton leaf can be suggested as a novel antihypertensive agent ameliorating hypertension via ACE inhibition, inflammation reduction, and ROS. PLE is a novel anti-hypertensive agent to ameliorate hypertension and its complications, including inflammation.

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Funding

This work was supported by a grant from the National Science Council (NSC106-2320-B-040-008), Taiwan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan

    Hui-Hsuan Lin

  2. Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan

    Chia-Lin Tsai, Chiao-Yun Tseng, Pei-Rong Yu, Pei-Yu Chiu, Cheng-Chin Hsu & Jing-Hsien Chen

  3. Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, 40201, Taiwan

    Jing-Hsien Chen

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Contributions

H.-H.L.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing—review and editing. C.-L.T.: Software, Visualization, Writing-Original draft. C.-Y.T.: Investigation, Visualization. P.-R.Y.: Investigation, Visualization. P.-Y.C.: Investigation, Data Curation, Writing-Original draft. C.-C.H.: Data Curation, Methodology. J.-H.C.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing-Original draft, Project administration, Writing-review & editing, Funding acquisition.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jing-Hsien Chen.

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Ethical Approval

The animal experiment was approved by the Chung Shan Medical University Animal Care Committee (IACUC approval number: 1798).

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All authors agreed to publish the results in Plant Foods for Human Nutrition.

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Lin, HH., Tsai, CL., Tseng, CY. et al. Anti-Hypertensive Effect of Solanum muricatum Aiton Leaf Extract In Vivo and In Vitro. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 79, 182–188 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-024-01146-1

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