Abstract
Obesity is a major global public health concern, limiting socio-economic development and human productivity. As studies focus on finding sustainable solutions to this challenge, polyphenols have shown promising results and have become a research focus. This is mainly because of associated lower risks of side effects with their use, compared to synthetic pharmaceuticals. In this study, the anti-obesity potentials of dietary polyphenols have been reviewed. Using a narrative approach, the biological activities of polyphenols and their influence on energy metabolism and mechanisms are discussed. Specifically, their roles in insulin-dependent glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and storage in adipocytes, starch digestibility, and regulation of mitophagy and mitogenesis in muscle cells and adipocytes, were considered. After considering the major findings of many related studies, it was confirmed that polyphenols can prevent and ameliorate obesity by fighting insulin resistance (IR) induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and limiting their effects, and by regulating the expression and/or activity of key enzymes along relevant pathways. More human studies are needed to reveal more about the anti-obesity effects of dietary polyphenols and their effective doses in humans.
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Data Availability
Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.
Abbreviations
- IR:
-
Insulin resistance
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- EGCG:
-
Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate
- RSV:
-
Resveratrol
- GA:
-
Gallic acid
- CRC:
-
Curcumin
- IS:
-
Insulin sensitivity
- CR:
-
Caloric restriction
- GLUT:
-
Glucose transporter
- GSV:
-
Glucose transporter storage vesicle
- NF-kB:
-
Nuclear factor kappa B
- JNK:
-
C-Jun N-terminal kinase
- SFA:
-
Saturated fatty acid
- TNF α:
-
Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- NADPH:
-
Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NOX:
-
NADPH oxidase
- IRS-1:
-
Insulin receptor substrate 1
- PI3K:
-
Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
- Akt:
-
Collective name of a set of three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- eNOS:
-
Endothelial NO synthase
- mTOR:
-
Mammalian target of rapamycin
- HepG2:
-
Human liver cells
- IR-HepG2:
-
Insulin resistant human liver cells
- PEPCK:
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- G6Pase:
-
Glucose-6-phosphatase
- LDL:
-
Low density lipoprotein
- HDL:
-
High density lipoprotein
- RGPD:
-
Red grape pomace drink
- AMPK:
-
AMP-activated protein kinase
- PTB1B:
-
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- LKB1:
-
Liver kinase B1
- CaMKK:
-
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase
- RA:
-
Rosmarinic acid
- IGF-1:
-
Insulin-like growth factor 1
- SREBP:
-
Sterol regulatory-element binding proteins
- PPAR:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
- G3P:
-
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
- GPDH:
-
Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HMG-CoA:
-
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
- FABP4:
-
Fatty acid binding protein 4
- LXR-α:
-
Liver X receptor alpha
- PGC-1:
-
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha
- Ucpl:
-
Uncoupling protein 1
- CIDEA:
-
Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor alpha-like effector A
- Tbx1:
-
Tata-box protein 1
- Cd137:
-
Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9
- BAT:
-
Beige adipose tissue
- iWAT:
-
Inguinal white adipose tissues
- SIRT1:
-
Sirtuin 1
- SCD 1:
-
Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- NAD:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- FOXO3:
-
Forkhead box O3
- UNC51:
-
Autophagy-related serine/threonine kinase
- ULK1:
-
UNC-51-like kinase 1
- PINK 1:
-
PTEN induced putative kinase 1
- PTEN:
-
A tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog
- ERK2:
-
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1)
- NAMPT:
-
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase
- PKD:
-
Protein kinase D
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Courage Sedem Dzah conceptualized the study, drafted some sections, did the editing of the manuscript and finalized the paper. Emmanuel Letsyo and John Dzikunoo also drafted some sections of the paper and helped with proofreading, David Asante-Donyinah and Zeenatu Sugloh Adams contributed by drafting some sections of the paper. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.
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Dzah, C.S., Asante-Donyinah, D., Letsyo, E. et al. Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity: A Review of Polyphenol Effects on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Mitochondrial Homeostasis, and Starch Digestibility and Absorption. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 78, 1–12 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-022-01034-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-022-01034-6