Abstract
Objective: Clinical street outreach programs serve people experiencing unsheltered homelessness, who have been shown to have greater medical and psychiatric comorbidities, and increased social and financial challenges. However, outreach programs may struggle in practice to engage the most vulnerable of these individuals. Methods: Data from the Veterans Health Administration’s (VHA’s) Homeless Operations Management System (HOMES) from 2018 to 2019 (N = 101,998) were used to compare sociodemographic, clinical, and financial characteristics of literally homeless veterans contacted through street outreach to those who were self-referred or clinic-referred. Results: Veterans engaged through street outreach reported substantially more days of unsheltered homelessness in the past month (mean (M) = 11.18 days, s.d.=13.8) than the clinic-referred group (M = 6.75 days, s.d.=11.1), and were more likely to have spent the past 30 days unsheltered (RR = 2.23). There were notably few other differences between the groups. Conclusion: Despite epidemiologic evidence in the literature showing higher medical, psychiatric, and social and financial vulnerabilities among unsheltered homeless individuals, our street outreach group was not found to be any worse off on such variables than the clinic-referred or self-referred groups, other than increased time unsheltered. Outreach workers seem to engage more unsheltered individuals, but do not necessarily engage those with such severe vulnerabilities. Dedicated outreach program funding, training, and support are needed to support street outreach to those with the most severe problems.
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Acknowledgements
We are very grateful for the participation of the hundreds of patients and families who made the study possible with their time and commitment. We thank and acknowledge the work of the many clinicians, research assistants and administrators at the participating sites. Dr. Lo’s work was funded in part by the State of Connecticut, Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, but this publication does not express the views of the Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services or the State of Connecticut. The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors.
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These analyses were part of an approved quality improvement project using anonymized data by the VHA Homeless Programs Office and were exempt from VHA’s institutional review board.
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Lo, E., Tsai, J., Stefanovics, E.A. et al. Does Street Outreach Engage Its Intended Target Population? Clinical Experience in the Veteran’s Health Administration Homeless Service Programs. Psychiatr Q 93, 1003–1016 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-022-10004-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-022-10004-9