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Risk and Promotive Factors Related to Cannabis Use Among American Indian Adolescents

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Abstract

Reservation-dwelling American Indian adolescents are at exceedingly high risk for cannabis use. Prevention initiatives to delay the onset and escalation of use are needed. The risk and promotive factors approach to substance use prevention is a well-established framework for identifying the timing and targets for prevention initiatives. This study aimed to develop predictive models for the usage of cannabis using 22 salient risk and promotive factors. Models were developed using data from a cross-sectional study and further validated using data from a separate longitudinal study with three measurement occasions (baseline, 6-month follow-up, 1-year follow-up). Application of the model to longitudinal data showed an acceptable performance contemporaneously but waning prospective predictive utility over time. Despite the model’s high specificity, the sensitivity was low, indicating an effective prediction of non-users but poor performance in correctly identifying users, particularly at the 1-year follow-up. This divergence can have significant implications. For example, a model that misclassifies future adolescent cannabis use could fail to provide necessary intervention for those at risk, leading to negative health and social consequences. Moreover, supplementary analysis points to the importance of considering change in risk and promotive factors over time.

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Data Availability

Survey data and research materials are available at: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/NAHDAP/studies/37997. The longitudinal data files are not currently publically available. For more information about data availability, please contact the study PIs, Drs. Linda Stanley and Randall Swaim.

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Funding

This research was supported in part by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA003371).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Behavioral Sciences Building, Fort Collins, CO, 80524-1876, USA

    Kimberly L. Henry

  2. Tri-Ethnic Center for Prevention Research, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA

    Linda R. Stanley & Randall C. Swaim

Authors
  1. Kimberly L. Henry
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  2. Linda R. Stanley
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  3. Randall C. Swaim
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kimberly L. Henry.

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Ethics Approval

Approval for this research study was obtained from the ethics committee of Colorado State University. In addition, approval was obtained from local school boards and tribal IRB’s as required by each study location. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

Consent to Participate

The study involved research with students who were minors and all data were obtained anonymously. Parents were fully informed about the study and given the opportunity to opt their child out of the study. Less than 1% chose to do so. Prior to completing online surveys, assent was obtained from all participating students.

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The authors have no conflicts of interest.

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Henry, K.L., Stanley, L.R. & Swaim, R.C. Risk and Promotive Factors Related to Cannabis Use Among American Indian Adolescents. Prev Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-024-01649-y

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