Abstract
Fun For Wellness (FFW) is a self-efficacy theory-based online behavioral intervention that aims to promote growth in physical activity and well-being. The FFW conceptual model for the promotion of subjective well-being posits that FFW exerts both a positive direct effect, and a positive indirect effect through well-being self-efficacy, on subjective well-being. Subjective well-being is defined in FFW as an individual’s satisfaction with their status in seven key domains of their life. Well-being self-efficacy is defined in FFW as the degree to which an individual perceives that they have the capability to attain a positive status in seven key domains of their life. The objective of this study was to use baseline target moderation to assess variation in the impact of FFW on subjective well-being dimensions in adults with obesity. Data (N = 667) from the Well-Being and Physical Activity Study (ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03194854) were reanalyzed. There was evidence that well-being self-efficacy at baseline moderated the direct effect of FFW on well-being self-efficacy at 30 days post-baseline for the occupational and psychological dimensions. Both of these findings suggest a “compensatory” effect. Similarly, there was evidence that well-being self-efficacy at baseline moderated the indirect effect of FFW on subjective well-being at 60 days post-baseline through well-being self-efficacy at 30 days post-baseline for the occupational and psychological dimensions. Both of these findings suggest a “compensatory” effect. Finally, there was evidence that well-being self-efficacy at baseline moderated the direct effect of FFW on subjective well-being at 60 days post-baseline for the community, occupational, and physical dimensions. Each of these three findings suggests some version of a “rich-get-richer” effect. In summary, results provide both supportive and unsupportive (i.e., interpersonal, economic, and overall dimensions) evidence regarding variation in the impact of the FFW intervention and should impact the design of future FFW trials.
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Funding
Funding for the study was provided by both the Erwin and Barbara Mautner Charitable Foundation through the Erwin and Barbara Mautner Endowed Chair in Community Well-Being at the University of Miami (Isaac Prilleltensky) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) grant # K01 DA046516 (Ahnalee Brincks, Principal Investigator).
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All procedures in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The institutional review board at the University of Miami provided necessary permission (IRB# 20,170,541) to conduct the WBPA study on July 11, 2017. The University of Miami and Michigan State University (STUDY00000979) established an Institutional Authorization Agreement on June 26, 2018 that provided permission for the University of Miami to serve as the designated IRB for the study.
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Informed consent was obtained from each participant included in the study. More specifically, immediately after being determined to be eligible for this study, each eligible individual was directed to a web-based IRB-approved informed consent form. Each individual who clicked “Consent to Participate” was enrolled as a participant in the study. Each individual who clicked “Decline to Consent” was denied access to the intervention.
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We do not perceive either funding body to exert any role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing manuscripts.
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Two co-authors, Adam McMahon and Isaac Prilleltensky, are partners in Wellnuts LLC. Wellnuts LLC may commercialize the FFW intervention in the future.
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Myers, N.D., Prilleltensky, I., McMahon, A. et al. Mechanisms by Which the Fun for Wellness Intervention May Promote Subjective Well-Being in Adults with Obesity: a Reanalysis Using Baseline Target Moderation. Prev Sci 24, 286–298 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01274-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01274-z